Hydrogel is a promising material for wearable electronics due to its good mechanical properties, electrical conductivity and body adaptability. However, subzero freezing and water loss under high temperature or prolonged placement are great challenges for hydrogels. Here, polyacrylic acid / poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrene sulfonate) (PAA/PEDOT: PSS) ionogels were designed by entangling PAA and PEDOT: PSS chains with each other in a binary solvent system of water and ionic liquid (IL) and chemical cross-linking by -methylene bisacrylamide (MBA). It has excellent mechanical properties (8.3 kPa, > 500 %), skin-adapted Young's modulus (<10 kPa), high conductivity (8.06 S·m), and strong adhesion (13.3 kPa). Ionogel has a sensitive response as a sensor (GF = 2.08, 0–200 %; GF = 3.64, 200–400 %; GF = 4.58, 400–510 %). Especially, the freeze-resistance and long-term moisturizing properties make ionogels exhibit long-lasting and robust utility. As a scalable application platform, we demonstrate the potential applications of this novel ionogel as a body-conformable electronic product in a series of conceptual demonstrations, including full range of human motion response, human–machine interaction (HMI), temperature signal detection and TENG device assembly.

中文翻译：

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防冻保湿 PAA/PEDOT：具有多种刺激响应的 PSS 离子凝胶，适用于柔性可穿戴电子产品

水凝胶由于其良好的机械性能、导电性和身体适应性，是一种很有前景的可穿戴电子材料。然而，零度以下的冷冻和高温或长时间放置下的失水对水凝胶来说是巨大的挑战。在这里，聚丙烯酸/聚（3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩）：聚（苯乙烯磺酸）（PAA/PEDOT：PSS）离子凝胶是通过在水和离子液体的二元溶剂体系中使PAA和PEDOT：PSS链彼此缠结而设计的(IL) 和 β-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺 (MBA) 化学交联。它具有优异的机械性能（8.3 kPa，> 500 %）、皮肤适应杨氏模量（<10 kPa）、高电导率（8.06 S·m）和强附着力（13.3 kPa）。 Ionogel 作为传感器具有灵敏的响应（GF = 2.08，0–200 %；GF = 3.64，200–400 %；GF = 4.58，400–510 %）。特别是，抗冻性和长期保湿特性使离子凝胶表现出持久和强大的效用。作为一个可扩展的应用平台，我们通过一系列概念演示展示了这种新型离子凝胶作为人体贴合电子产品的潜在应用，包括全方位的人体运动响应、人机交互（HMI）、温度信号检测和TENG装置组装。