Evaluating the impacts of farming systems on biodiversity is increasingly important given the need to stem biodiversity loss, decrease fossil fuel dependency, and maintain ecosystem services benefiting farmers. We recorded woody and herbaceous plant species diversity, composition, and abundance in 43 wetland‐adjacent prairie remnants beside crop fields managed using conventional, minimum tillage, organic, or perennial cover (wildlife‐friendly) land management in the Prairie Pothole Region. We used a hierarchical framework to estimate diversity at regional and local scales (gamma, alpha), and how these are related through species turnover (beta diversity). We tested the expectation that gamma richness/evenness and beta diversity of all plants would be higher in remnants adjacent to perennial cover and organic fields than in conventional and minimum tillage fields. We expected the same findings for plants providing ecosystem services (bee‐pollinated species) and disservices (introduced species). We predicted similar relative effects of land management on alpha diversity, but with the expectation that the benefits of organic farming would decrease with increasing grassland in surrounding landscapes. Gamma richness and evenness of all plants were highest for perennial cover, followed by minimum tillage, organic, and conventional sites. Bee‐pollinated species followed a similar pattern for richness, but for evenness organic farming came second, after perennial cover sites, followed by minimum tillage and conventional. For introduced species, organic sites had the highest gamma richness and evenness. Grassland amount moderated the effect of land management type on all plants and bee‐pollinated plant richness, but not as expected. The richness of organic sites increased with the amount of grassland in the surrounding landscape. Conversely, for conventional sites, richness increased as the amount of grassland in the landscape declined. Our results are consistent with the expectation that adopting wildlife‐friendly land management practices can benefit biodiversity at regional and local scales, in particular the use of perennial cover to benefit plant diversity at regional scales. At more local extents, organic farming increased plant richness, but only when sufficient grassland was available in the surrounding landscape; organic farms also had the highest beta diversity for all plants and bee‐pollinated plants. Maintaining native cover in agroecosystems, in addition to low‐intensity farming practices, could sustain plant biodiversity and facilitate important ecosystem services.

中文翻译：

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农场管理和景观环境塑造了加拿大草原坑洼地区湿地边缘的植物多样性

鉴于需要阻止生物多样性丧失、减少化石燃料依赖以及维持有利于农民的生态系统服务，评估农业系统对生物多样性的影响变得越来越重要。我们记录了 Prairie Pothole 地区采用传统、少耕、有机或多年生覆盖（野生动物友好）土地管理方式管理的 43 个湿地附近的草原残余物的木本和草本植物物种多样性、组成和丰度。我们使用分层框架来估计区域和局部尺度的多样性（γ、α），以及它们如何通过物种更替（β多样性）相关。我们测试了这样的预期：所有植物的伽马丰富度/均匀度和贝塔多样性在多年生覆盖和有机田附近的残余物中比在传统和少耕田中更高。我们预计对于提供生态系统服务（蜂授粉物种）和损害（引入物种）的植物也会有同样的发现。我们预测了土地管理对阿尔法多样性的类似相对影响，但预计有机农业的效益会随着周围景观中草地的增加而减少。多年生覆盖的所有植物的伽玛丰富度和均匀度最高，其次是免耕、有机和传统场地。蜜蜂授粉的物种在丰富度方面遵循类似的模式，但在均匀度方面，有机农业位居第二，仅次于多年生覆盖地，其次是少耕和传统农业。对于引进物种，有机位点具有最高的伽马丰富度和均匀度。草地数量调节了土地管理类型对所有植物和蜂授粉植物丰富度的影响，但不如预期。有机地的丰富度随着周围景观中草地数量的增加而增加。相反，对于传统地点，随着景观中草地数量的减少，丰富度增加。我们的结果与预期一致，即采用对野生动物友好的土地管理实践可以有利于区域和地方尺度的生物多样性，特别是使用多年生覆盖物有利于区域尺度的植物多样性。在更局部的范围内，有机农业增加了植物的丰富度，但前提是周围景观中有足够的草地；有机农场的所有植物和蜂授粉植物的β多样性也最高。除了低强度耕作之外，保持农业生态系统中的原生覆盖可以维持植物生物多样性并促进重要的生态系统服务。