The past decades have witnessed the increased applications of induced polarization (IP) method in the critical zone studies with ubiquitous clay minerals. Although IP outperforms traditional electrical and electromagnetic methods through its unique ability to measure quadrature conductivity, the nonlinearity that quadrature conductivity behaves with salinities and frequencies greatly tortures IP practitioners, as (a) salinity-dependency makes the quadrature conductivity a varyingly unstable parameter to quantitatively estimate hydraulic properties and clay content; (b) frequency-dependent Cole-Cole and Debye/Warburg decomposition models, although mathematically sound, physically mingle the properties of pore water and clay minerals and are empirical in nature. From basic principles, we demonstrate that quadrature conductivity remains a hybrid property involving both clay and water, and develop relevant models to distinguish them. Our models are validated by theories, experiments, simulations, and comparisons, all of which proclaim considerable advantages over previous models and offer the prospect of quantitative applications.

中文翻译：

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粘土岩石和土壤的诱导极化：非线性复电导率模型

在过去的几十年里，激发极化（IP）方法在普遍存在的粘土矿物的关键区域研究中的应用越来越多。尽管 IP 通过其独特的测量正交电导率的能力优于传统的电气和电磁方法，但正交电导率随盐度和频率表现出的非线性极大地折磨着 IP 从业者，因为 (a) 盐度依赖性使得正交电导率成为定量估计时不稳定的参数水力特性和粘土含量；(b) 频率相关的 Cole-Cole 和 Debye/Warburg 分解模型虽然在数学上合理，但在物理上混合了孔隙水和粘土矿物的特性，并且本质上是经验性的。从基本原理出发，我们证明了正交电导率仍然是涉及粘土和水的混合属性，并开发了相关模型来区分它们。我们的模型经过理论、实验、模拟和比较的验证，所有这些都比以前的模型具有相当大的优势，并提供了定量应用的前景。