The advent of two-dimensional nanomaterials, a revolutionary class of materials, is marked by their atomic-scale thickness, superior aspect ratios, robust mechanical attributes, and exceptional chemical stability. These materials, producible on a large scale, are emerging as the forefront candidates in the domain of membrane-based gas separation. The concept of defect engineering in 2D nanomaterials has introduced a novel approach in their application for membrane separation, offering an effective technique to augment the performance of these membranes. Nonetheless, the development of customized microstructures in gas separation membranes via defect engineering remains nascent. Hence, this review is designed to serve as a comprehensive guide for the application of defect engineering in 2D nanomaterial-based membranes. It delves into the most recent developments in this field, encompassing the synthesis methodologies of defective 2D nanomaterials and the mechanisms underlying gas transport. Special emphasis is placed on the utilization of defect-engineered 2D nanomaterial-based membranes in gas capture applications. Furthermore, the paper encapsulates the burgeoning challenges and prospective advancements in this area. In essence, defect engineering emerges as a promising avenue for enhancing the efficacy of 2D nanomaterial-based membranes in gas separation, offering significant potential for advancements in membrane-based gas separation technologies.

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用于增强气体分离的二维纳米材料膜缺陷工程的进展

二维纳米材料是一种革命性的材料，它的出现以其原子级的厚度、优异的长宽比、强大的机械属性和卓越的化学稳定性为标志。这些可大规模生产的材料正在成为基于膜的气体分离领域的前沿候选材料。二维纳米材料缺陷工程的概念在膜分离应用中引入了一种新颖的方法，提供了一种增强这些膜性能的有效技术。尽管如此，通过缺陷工程开发气体分离膜的定制微结构仍处于起步阶段。因此，本综述旨在作为缺陷工程在二维纳米材料膜中应用的综合指南。它深入研究了该领域的最新发展，包括有缺陷的二维纳米材料的合成方法和气体传输的机制。特别强调在气体捕获应用中利用缺陷工程二维纳米材料膜。此外，本文概述了该领域新兴的挑战和预期进展。从本质上讲，缺陷工程是提高基于二维纳米材料的膜在气体分离中的功效的一个有前途的途径，为基于膜的气体分离技术的进步提供了巨大的潜力。