Over the past 40 years, the IL-1 family has grown to include 22 members, with 11 cytokines and 11 receptors. After the initial description of the first IL-1 family members, confusion has grown about the nomenclature of IL-1 cytokines and receptors, which was last updated in 2010¹. This confusion arose from different names for the proteins identified by function. Several names for the same cytokine or receptor are particularly problematic for the IL-1 family. For example, two different receptors have been named ‘IL-1R9’ — the receptors encoded by IL1RAPL1 and by IL1RAPL2. Similarly, ‘IL-1R10’ is a name used for the gene products of both IL1RAPL1 and IL1RAPL2. Only a few of the companies selling antibodies to IL-1R9 specify which receptor their antibodies recognize. Because the IL-1 family factors represent a key signaling cascade in inflammation, clear and universally adopted guidelines for IL-1 nomenclature are needed. Here, we propose a nomenclature for both receptors and cytokines in the IL-1 family, based on common accepted practice and previous proposals^2,3. We hope that this updated classification will help researchers and companies commit to adopting universal IL-1 family nomenclature guidelines.

The 11 members of the IL-1 family of receptors includes 10 structurally related receptors and the IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP)^2,4. These receptors include five ligand-binding receptors, two accessory chains, three receptors with inhibitory properties, and one orphan receptor (Table 1). In mammals, the IL-1 family receptors are characterized by an extracellular portion that contains three immunoglobulin domains (except IL-1R8 that has only one). Furthermore, apart from IL-1R2, each receptor possesses an intracellular portion that includes a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain.

在过去的 40 年里，IL-1 家族已发展到包括 22 个成员，其中包括 11 种细胞因子和 11 种受体。在对第一个 IL-1 家族成员进行初步描述后，IL-1 细胞因子和受体的命名越来越混乱，最后更新于 2010 年¹。这种混乱源于根据功能识别的蛋白质的不同名称。对于 IL-1 家族来说，同一细胞因子或受体的多个名称尤其成问题。例如，两种不同的受体被命名为“IL-1R9”——由IL1RAPL1和IL1RAPL2编码的受体。类似地，“IL-1R10”是用于IL1RAPL1和IL1RAPL2基因产物的名称。只有少数销售 IL-1R9 抗体的公司明确说明其抗体识别哪种受体。由于 IL-1 家族因子代表炎症中的关键信号级联，因此需要明确且普遍采用的 IL-1 命名指南。在这里，我们根据普遍接受的实践和之前的建议^2,3提出了 IL-1 家族中受体和细胞因子的命名法。我们希望这一更新的分类将帮助研究人员和公司致力于采用通用的 IL-1 家族命名指南。

IL-1 受体家族的 11 个成员包括 10 个结构相关的受体和 IL-18 结合蛋白 (IL-18BP) ^2,4。这些受体包括 5 个配体结合受体、2 个辅助链、3 个具有抑制特性的受体和 1 个孤儿受体（表 1）。在哺乳动物中，IL-1 家族受体的特征是胞外部分包含三个免疫球蛋白结构域（IL-1R8 除外，只有一个免疫球蛋白结构域）。此外，除了 IL-1R2 之外，每种受体都拥有包含 Toll/白介素-1 受体 (TIR) 结构域的细胞内部分。