In vitro fertilization (IVF)

At present, the dominating modality of assisted reproductive technology (ART) is in vitro fertilization (IVF). This treatment was introduced in 1978 with the birth of Louise Joy Brown in the United Kingdom [1]. The field of ART has ever since expanded, and today, more than 10 million children have been born as a result of IVF [2].

About a third of embryo transfers after IVF result in a clinical pregnancy, and a fourth in a live-born child [3]. This results in an annual increase of half a million children born after IVF as the result of 2 million annual embryo transfers. The remaining embryos are, in most cases, cryopreserved and available for future embryo transfers [4]. Use of frozen and thawed embryo transfers (FET) was previously considered to lead to fewer successful pregnancies as compared to fresh embryo transfers, but technical advances, such as innovative freezing techniques, vitrification and visual embryo selection of embryos or blastocysts, have improved the success rate of FET to a level on par with that of fresh embryo transfers [5].

中文翻译：

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不孕症治疗和心血管疾病：我们知道什么？

体外受精（IVF）

目前，辅助生殖技术（ART）的主导方式是体外受精（IVF）。这种治疗方法于 1978 年随着 Louise Joy Brown 在英国的出生而被引入[ 1 ]。此后，ART 领域不断扩大，如今，已有超过 1000 万儿童通过 IVF 出生 [ 2 ]。

IVF 后大约三分之一的胚胎移植导致临床妊娠，四分之一导致活产婴儿 [ 3 ]。由于每年 200 万个胚胎移植，IVF 后出生的儿童每年增加 50 万。在大多数情况下，剩余的胚胎被冷冻保存并可用于将来的胚胎移植[ 4 ]。与新鲜胚胎移植相比，以前认为使用冷冻和解​​冻胚胎移植（FET）的成功妊娠率较低，但技术进步，例如创新冷冻技术、玻璃化冷冻和胚胎或囊胚的视觉胚胎选择，提高了成功率FET 的比率达到与新鲜胚胎移植相当的水平[ 5 ]。