ImportanceAtypical sensory processing is challenging for children and families, yet there is limited understanding of its associated risk factors.ObjectiveTo determine the association between early-life digital media exposure and sensory processing outcomes among toddlers.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis multicenter US study used data that were analyzed from the National Children’s Study (NCS), a cohort study of environmental influences on child health and development, with enrollment from 2011 to 2014. Data analysis was performed in 2023. The study included children enrolled in the NCS at birth whose caregivers completed reports of digital media exposure and sensory processing.ExposuresChildren’s viewing of television or video at 12 months (yes or no), 18 months, and 24 months of age (hours per day).Main Outcomes and measuresSensory processing was reported at approximately 33 months of age on the Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile. Quadrant scores (low registration, sensation seeking, sensory sensitivity, and sensation avoiding) were categorized into groups representing typical, high, and low sensory-related behaviors, and multinomial regression analyses were performed.ResultsA total of 1471 children (50% male) were included. Screen exposure at 12 months of age was associated with a 2-fold increased odds of being in the high category of low registration (odds ratio [OR], 2.05; 95% CI, 1.31-3.20), while the odds of being in the low category instead of the typical category decreased for sensation seeking (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.35-0.87), sensation avoiding (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.50-0.94), and low registration (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.44-0.92). At 18 months of age, greater screen exposure was associated with increased risk of high sensation avoiding (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.03-1.46) and low registration (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.04-1.44). At 24 months of age, greater screen exposure was associated with increased risk of high sensation seeking (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.02-1.42), sensory sensitivity (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.05-1.49), and sensation avoiding (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.03-1.42).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, early-life digital media exposure was associated with atypical sensory processing outcomes in multiple domains. These findings suggest that digital media exposure might be a potential risk factor for the development of atypical sensory profiles. Further research is needed to understand the relationship between screen time and specific sensory-related developmental and behavioral outcomes, and whether minimizing early-life exposure can improve subsequent sensory-related outcomes.

中文翻译：

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早期数字媒体体验和非典型感官处理的发展

重要性非典型感觉处理对儿童和家庭来说具有挑战性，但对其相关风险因素的了解有限。目的确定幼儿早期接触数字媒体与感觉处理结果之间的关联。设计、设置和参与者这项美国多中心研究使用了数据这些数据是根据国家儿童研究 (NCS) 进行分析的，该研究是一项关于环境对儿童健康和发展影响的队列研究，招募时间为 2011 年至 2014 年。数据分析于 2023 年进行。该研究包括出生时就参加 NCS 的儿童，其照顾者完成数字媒体暴露和感官处理的报告。暴露儿童在 12 个月大（是或否）、18 个月和 24 个月大时观看电视或视频（每天的小时数）。主要结果和措施感官处理在大约 33 个月时报告婴儿/幼儿感官特征的年龄。象限分数（低记录、感觉寻求、感觉敏感性和感觉回避）被分为代表典型、高和低感觉相关行为的组，并进行多项回归分析。 结果共有 1471 名儿童（50% 男性）接受了包括。12 个月大时接触屏幕与处于低注册高类别的几率增加 2 倍相关（优势比 [OR]，2.05；95% CI，1.31-3.20），而处于低注册类别的几率增加 2 倍。感觉寻求（OR，0.55；95% CI，0.35-0.87）、感觉回避（OR，0.69；95% CI，0.50-0.94）和低注册（OR，0.64；95）的低类别而不是典型类别下降。 % CI，0.44-0.92）。在 18 个月大时，更多的屏幕暴露与高感觉回避（OR，1.23；95% CI，1.03-1.46）和低注册（OR，1.23；95% CI，1.04-1.44）的风险增加相关。24 个月大时，更多的屏幕暴露与高感觉寻求（OR，1.20；95% CI，1.02-1.42）、感觉敏感性（OR，1.25；95% CI，1.05-1.49）和感觉的风险增加相关。避免（OR，1.21；95% CI，1.03-1.42）。结论和相关性在这项队列研究中，生命早期接触数字媒体与多个领域的非典型感觉处理结果相关。这些发现表明，数字媒体暴露可能是形成非典型感官特征的潜在风险因素。需要进一步的研究来了解屏幕时间与特定的感官相关的发育和行为结果之间的关系，以及尽量减少生命早期的接触是否可以改善随后的感官相关的结果。