ImportanceConcerns have been raised that frequent consumption of 100% fruit juice may promote weight gain. Current evidence on fruit juice and weight gain has yielded mixed findings from both observational studies and clinical trials.ObjectiveTo synthesize the available evidence on 100% fruit juice consumption and body weight in children and adults.Data SourcesMEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched through May 18, 2023.Study SelectionProspective cohort studies of at least 6 months and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of at least 2 weeks assessing the association of 100% fruit juice with body weight change in children and adults were included. In the trials, fruit juices were compared with noncaloric controls.Data Extraction and SynthesisData were pooled using random-effects models and presented as β coefficients with 95% CIs for cohort studies and mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs for RCTs.Main Outcomes and MeasuresChange in body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) was assessed in children and change in body weight in adults.ResultsA total of 42 eligible studies were included in this analysis, including 17 among children (17 cohorts; 0 RCTs; 45 851 children; median [IQR] age, 8 [1-15] years) and 25 among adults (6 cohorts; 19 RCTs; 268 095 adults; median [IQR] age among cohort studies, 48 [41-61] years; median [IQR] age among RCTs, 42 [25-59]). Among cohort studies in children, each additional serving per day of 100% fruit juice was associated with a 0.03 (95% CI, 0.01-0.05) higher BMI change. Among cohort studies in adults, studies that did not adjust for energy showed greater body weight gain (0.21 kg; 95% CI, 0.15-0.27 kg) than studies that did adjust for energy intake (−0.08 kg; 95% CI, −0.11 to −0.05 kg; P for meta-regression <.001). RCTs in adults found no significant association of assignment to 100% fruit juice with body weight but the CI was wide (MD, −0.53 kg; 95% CI, −1.55 to 0.48 kg).Conclusion and RelevanceBased on the available evidence from prospective cohort studies, in this systematic review and meta-analysis, 1 serving per day of 100% fruit juice was associated with BMI gain among children. Findings in adults found a significant association among studies unadjusted for total energy, suggesting potential mediation by calories. Further trials of 100% fruit juice and body weight are desirable. Our findings support guidance to limit consumption of fruit juice to prevent intake of excess calories and weight gain.

中文翻译：

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儿童和成人 100% 果汁的摄入量与体重

重要性 人们担心经常饮用 100% 果汁可能会促进体重增加。目前关于果汁和体重增加的证据从观察性研究和临床试验中得到了不同的结果。目的综合关于儿童和成人 100% 果汁摄入量和体重的现有证据。数据来源MEDLINE、Embase 和 Cochrane 数据库通过搜索2023 年 5 月 18 日。研究选择纳入了至少 6 个月的前瞻性队列研究和至少 2 周的随机临床试验 (RCT)，评估 100% 果汁与儿童和成人体重变化之间的关联。在试验中，将果汁与无热量对照进行比较。数据提取和合成使用随机效应模型汇总数据，并以 β 系数的形式呈现为队列研究的 95% CI 和随机对照试验的平均差 (MD) 95% CI。 主要结果测量儿童体重指数（BMI；计算方法为体重公斤数除以身高米数平方）的变化以及成人体重的变化。结果本分析共纳入 42 项符合条件的研究，其中 17 项为儿童（ 17 个队列；0 个随机对照试验；45 851 名儿童；中位 [IQR] 年龄，8 [1-15] 岁）和 25 个成人（6 个队列；19 个随机对照试验；268 095 名成人；队列研究中的中位 [IQR] 年龄，48 [ 41-61] 岁；随机对照试验中的中位 [IQR] 年龄为 42 [25-59]）。在儿童队列研究中，每天每多喝 100% 果汁，BMI 变化就会增加 0.03（95% CI，0.01-0.05）。在成人队列研究中，未调整能量的研究显示，与调整能量摄入的研究（-0.08 kg；95% CI，-0.11）相比，体重增加更大（0.21 kg；95% CI，0.15-0.27 kg）。至-0.05千克；磷对于元回归<.001）。成人随机对照试验发现 100% 果汁与体重没有显着关联，但 CI 很宽（MD，-0.53 kg；95% CI，-1.55 至 0.48 kg）。结论和相关性基于前瞻性队列的现有证据研究表明，在这项系统回顾和荟萃分析中，每天 1 份 100% 果汁与儿童 BMI 增加相关。在成人中的研究结果发现，未调整总能量的研究之间存在显着关联，这表明卡路里的潜在调节作用。需要对 100% 果汁和体重进行进一步试验。我们的研究结果支持限制果汁消费的指导，以防止摄入过多热量和体重增加。