Electromagnetic sensors with flexible antennas as sensing elements have attracted increasing attention in noninvasive continuous glucose monitoring for diabetic patients. The significant radiation performance loss of flexible antennas during mechanical deformation impairs the reliability of glucose monitoring. Here, we present flexible ultrawideband monopole antennas composed of Ti₃C₂ MXene and cellulose nanofibril (CNF) composite films for continuous glucose monitoring. The flexible MXene/CNF antenna with 20% CNF content can obtain a gain of up to 3.33 dBi and a radiation efficiency of up to 65.40% at a frequency range from 2.3 to 6.0 GHz. Compared with the pure MXene antenna, this antenna offers a comparable radiation performance and a lower performance loss in mechanical bending deformation. Moreover, the MXene/CNF antenna shows a stable response to fetal bovine serum/glucose, with a correlation of >0.9 at the reference glucose levels, and responds sensitively to the variations in blood glucose levels during human trials. The proposed strategy enhancing the mechanical robustness of MXene-based flexible antennas makes metallic two-dimensional nanomaterials more promising in wearable electromagnetic sensors.

中文翻译：

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使用 Ti3C2 MXene 和纳米纤维素复合材料实现机械鲁棒性增强的柔性天线用于无创血糖传感

以柔性天线作为传感元件的电磁传感器在糖尿病患者的无创连续血糖监测中引起了越来越多的关注。柔性天线在机械变形过程中辐射性能的显着损失损害了血糖监测的可靠性。_{在这里，我们提出了由 Ti 3} C ₂ MXene 和纤维素纳米纤维 (CNF) 复合膜组成的柔性超宽带单极天线，用于连续血糖监测。具有20% CNF含量的柔性MXene/CNF天线在2.3至6.0 GHz频率范围内可获得高达3.33 dBi的增益和高达65.40%的辐射效率。与纯MXene天线相比，该天线具有相当的辐射性能，并且机械弯曲变形方面的性能损失更低。此外，MXene/CNF天线对胎牛血清/葡萄糖表现出稳定的响应，在参考葡萄糖水平下相关性>0.9，并且对人体试验期间血糖水平的变化做出敏感的响应。所提出的策略增强了基于 MXene 的柔性天线的机械鲁棒性，使得金属二维纳米材料在可穿戴电磁传感器中更有前景。