Temporal interference (TI) stimulation, a novel non-invasive stimulation strategy, has recently been shown to modulate neural activity in deep brain regions of living mice. Yet, it is uncertain if this method is applicable to larger brains and whether the electric field produced under traditional safety currents can penetrate deep regions as observed in mice. Despite recent model-based simulation studies offering positive evidence at both macro- and micro-scale levels, the absence of electrophysiological data from actual brains hinders comprehensive understanding and potential application of TI. This study aims to directly measure the spatiotemporal properties of the interfered electric field in the rhesus monkey brain and to validate the effects of TI on the human brain. Two monkeys were involved in the measurement, with implantation of several stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) depth electrodes. TI stimulation was applied to anesthetized monkeys using two pairs of surface electrodes at differing stimulation parameters. Model-based simulations were also conducted and subsequently compared with actual recordings. Additionally, TI stimulation was administered to patients with motor disorders to validate its effects on motor symptoms.

中文翻译：

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时间干扰刺激针对灵长类动物大脑深处


时间干扰（TI）刺激是一种新型的非侵入性刺激策略，最近被证明可以调节活体小鼠大脑深部区域的神经活动。然而，尚不确定这种方法是否适用于较大的大脑，以及传统安全电流下产生的电场是否可以像在小鼠中观察到的那样穿透深层区域。尽管最近基于模型的模拟研究在宏观和微观层面上提供了积极的证据，但缺乏来自实际大脑的电生理数据阻碍了对 TI 的全面理解和潜在应用。本研究旨在直接测量恒河猴大脑中干扰电场的时空特性，并验证 TI 对人脑的影响。两只猴子参与了测量，并植入了多个立体脑电图（SEEG）深度电极。使用两对表面电极以不同的刺激参数对麻醉猴子进行 TI 刺激。还进行了基于模型的模拟，并随后与实际记录进行了比较。此外，还对患有运动障碍的患者进行 TI 刺激，以验证其对运动症状的影响。