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Caspase-1 activates gasdermin A in non-mammals
eLife ( IF 7.7 ) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.92362.4
Zachary Paul Billman, Stephen Bela Kovacs, Bo Wei, Kidong Kang, Ousmane H Cissé, Edward A Miao

Gasdermins oligomerize to form pores in the cell membrane, causing regulated lytic cell death called pyroptosis. Mammals encode five gasdermins that can trigger pyroptosis: GSDMA, B, C, D, and E. Caspase and granzyme proteases cleave the linker regions of and activate GSDMB, C, D, and E, but no endogenous activation pathways are yet known for GSDMA. Here, we perform a comprehensive evolutionary analysis of the gasdermin family. A gene duplication of GSDMA in the common ancestor of caecilian amphibians, reptiles, and birds gave rise to GSDMA–D in mammals. Uniquely in our tree, amphibian, reptile, and bird GSDMA group in a separate clade than mammal GSDMA. Remarkably, GSDMA in numerous bird species contain caspase-1 cleavage sites like YVAD or FASD in the linker. We show that GSDMA from birds, amphibians, and reptiles are all cleaved by caspase-1. Thus, GSDMA was originally cleaved by the host-encoded protease caspase-1. In mammals the caspase-1 cleavage site in GSDMA is disrupted; instead, a new protein, GSDMD, is the target of caspase-1. Mammal caspase-1 uses exosite interactions with the GSDMD C-terminal domain to confer the specificity of this interaction, whereas we show that bird caspase-1 uses a stereotypical tetrapeptide sequence to confer specificity for bird GSDMA. Our results reveal an evolutionarily stable association between caspase-1 and the gasdermin family, albeit a shifting one. Caspase-1 repeatedly changes its target gasdermin over evolutionary time at speciation junctures, initially cleaving GSDME in fish, then GSDMA in amphibians/reptiles/birds, and finally GSDMD in mammals.

中文翻译:

Caspase-1 在非哺乳动物中激活 Gasdermin A

Gasdermin 寡聚化,在细胞膜上形成孔,导致受调节的裂解性细胞死亡,称为细胞焦亡。哺乳动物编码五种可引发细胞焦亡的 Gasdermin:GSDMA、B、C、D 和 E。Caspase 和颗粒酶蛋白酶裂解 GSDMB、C、D 和 E 的连接区并激活它们,但 GSDMA 的内源激活途径尚不清楚。在这里,我们对 Gasdermin 家族进行了全面的进化分析。蚓螈两栖动物、爬行动物和鸟类的共同祖先中的 GSDMA 基因重复导致了哺乳动物中的 GSDMA-D。在我们的树中,两栖动物、爬行动物和鸟类 GSDMA 类群与哺乳动物 GSDMA 属于不同的分支,这是独一无二的。值得注意的是,许多鸟类中的 GSDMA 在接头中含有 caspase-1 切割位点,如 YVAD 或 FASD。我们发现鸟类、两栖动物和爬行动物的 GSDMA 均被 caspase-1 裂解。因此,GSDMA 最初是由宿主编码的蛋白酶 caspase-1 切割的。在哺乳动物中,GSDMA 中的 caspase-1 切割位点被破坏;相反,一种新的蛋白质 GSDMD 是 caspase-1 的靶标。哺乳动物 caspase-1 使用与 GSDMD C 末端结构域的外位点相互作用来赋予这种相互作用的特异性,而鸟类 caspase-1 使用典型的四肽序列来赋予鸟类 GSDMA 的特异性。我们的结果揭示了 caspase-1 和gasdermin 家族之间在进化上稳定的关联,尽管这种关联是变化的。Caspase-1 在进化过程中在物种形成时刻反复改变其靶标 Gasdermin,最初在鱼类中裂解 GSDME,然后在两栖动物/爬行动物/鸟类中裂解 GSDMA,最后在哺乳动物中裂解 GSDMD。
更新日期:2024-03-18
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