The development of inherent irreversibility in the system is caused by single phase Poiseuille flow considering hybrid nanoparticles () and mixture fluid (water and ethylene glycol ) in the upright microchannel with unequal viscosity. Taking into account the buoyancy force, suction/injection at the walls, and the form factor and geometry of the nanoparticles. The modeling is based on nonlinear PDEs such as continuity, momentum, and heat equations, which are then transformed to a system of nonlinear ODEs using similarity transformations and solved numerically and analytically. The analytical solution was built using the Differential Transform Method (), and the current results in specific cases are compared to results obtained by the HAM-based Mathematica package, the Runge-Kutta Fehlberg 4th-5th order (), and those available in literature. The effects of active parameters are investigated on the velocity and temperature, entropy generation and Bejan number. The outcomes of the present analysis reveal that the nanoparticles volume fraction, thermal radiation and Biot number acts to enhance the cooling of the system through the release of thermal energy. in addition, the enhancement in variable viscosity parameter, causes a rise in the irreversibility rate, which in turn boosts the rates of entropy generation and Bejan number. On the other hand, Irreversibility due to heat transfer is dominant in the centerline of the microchannel, while fluid friction irreversibility dominates its walls.

中文翻译：

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具有可变粘度、浮力和抽吸/注入效应的微通道上混合基液中 Al2O3-Ag 杂化纳米颗粒的不可逆性：一项分析研究

系统中固有不可逆性的发展是由单相泊肃叶流引起的，考虑到直立微通道中具有不等粘度的杂化纳米粒子（）和混合流体（水和乙二醇）。考虑到浮力、壁上的吸力/注入以及纳米粒子的形状因数和几何形状。该建模基于连续性、动量和热方程等非线性偏微分方程，然后使用相似变换将其转换为非线性常微分方程组，并进行数值和解析求解。使用微分变换方法 () 构建解析解，并将特定情况下的当前结果与基于 HAM 的 Mathematica 软件包、Runge-Kutta Fehlberg 4-5 阶 () 以及文献中提供的结果进行比较。研究了活性参数对速度和温度、熵产生和贝让数的影响。本分析的结果表明，纳米粒子体积分数、热辐射和毕奥数通过释放热能来增强系统的冷却。此外，可变粘度参数的增强导致不可逆率上升，从而提高熵产生率和贝扬数。另一方面，由于传热引起的不可逆性在微通道的中心线中占主导地位，而流体摩擦不可逆性在其壁中占主导地位。