Rationale: Non-invasive transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a promising stimulation tool to modulate a wide range of brain disorders, has major limitations, such as poor cortical stimulation intensity and focality. We designed a novel electrode for tDCS by conjugating a needle to a conventional ring-based high-definition (HD) electrode to enhance cortical stimulation efficacy./nMethod: HD-tDCS (43 µA/mm², charge density 51.6 kC/m², 20 min) was administered to male C57BL/6J mice subjected to early-stage ischemic stroke. Behavioral tests were employed to determine the therapeutic effects, and the underlying mechanisms of HD-tDCS were determined by performing RNA sequencing and other biomedical analyses./nResults: The new HD-tDCS application, showing a higher electric potential and spatial focality based on computational modeling, demonstrated better therapeutic effects than conventional HD-tDCS in alleviating motor and cognitive deficits, with a decrease in infarct volume and inflammatory response. We assessed different electrode configurations in the new HD electrode; the configurations variously showed potent therapeutic effects, ameliorating neuronal death in the peri-infarct region via N-methyl-D-aspartate-dependent sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 signaling and related inflammatory factors, further alleviating motor and cognitive deficits in stroke./nConclusion: This new HD-tDCS application showed better therapeutic effects than those with conventional HD-tDCS in early-stage stroke via the amelioration of neuronal death in the penumbra. It may be applied in the early stages of stroke to alleviate neurological impairment.

中文翻译：

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新型经颅直流电刺激电极对缺血性脑卒中小鼠的治疗作用

理由：非侵入性经颅直流电刺激 (tDCS) 是一种很有前途的调节多种脑部疾病的刺激工具，但存在重大局限性，例如皮质刺激强度和焦点较差。我们设计了一种用于 tDCS 的新型电极，通过将针与传统的基于环的高清 (HD) 电极结合来增强皮质刺激功效。/n方法： HD-tDCS（43 µA/mm ²，电荷密度 51.6 kC/m ^(图2，20分钟)被给予患有早期缺血性中风的雄性C57BL/6J小鼠。采用行为测试来确定治疗效果，并通过进行 RNA 测序和其他生物医学分析来确定 HD-tDCS 的潜在机制。/n结果：新的 HD-tDCS 应用显示出基于计算模型显示，在减轻运动和认知缺陷方面，比传统的 HD-tDCS 具有更好的治疗效果，同时减少了梗塞体积和炎症反应。我们评估了新型 HD 电极中的不同电极配置；这些构型均显示出有效的治疗效果，通过 N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸依赖性甾醇调节元件结合蛋白 1 信号传导和相关炎症因子改善梗死周围区域的神经元死亡，进一步减轻中风中的运动和认知缺陷。结论：这种新的 HD-tDCS 应用通过改善半暗带神经元死亡，在早期卒中中显示出比传统 HD-tDCS 更好的治疗效果。它可以应用于中风的早期阶段以减轻神经损伤。