In an aging society with common lifestyle-associated health issues such as obesity and diabetes, chronic wounds pose a frequent challenge that physicians face in everyday clinical practice. Therefore, nonhealing wounds have attracted much scientific attention. Several in vitro and in vivo models have been introduced to deepen our understanding of chronic wound pathogenesis and amplify therapeutic strategies. Understanding how wounds become chronic will provide insights to reverse or avoid chronicity. Although choosing a suitable model is of utmost importance to receive valuable outcomes, an ideal in vivo model capturing the complexity of chronic wounds is still missing and remains a translational challenge. This review discusses the most relevant mammalian models for wound healing studies and provides guidance on how to implement the hallmarks of chronic wounds. It highlights the benefits and pitfalls of established models and maps out future avenues for research.

中文翻译：

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体内伤口慢性建模：捕捉慢性伤口复杂性的转化挑战

在老龄化社会中，肥胖和糖尿病等常见的与生活方式相关的健康问题，慢性伤口是医生在日常临床实践中经常面临的挑战。因此，不愈合的伤口引起了科学界的广泛关注。已经引入了几种体外和体内模型来加深我们对慢性伤口发病机制的理解并扩大治疗策略。了解伤口如何变成慢性伤口将为逆转或避免慢性伤口提供见解。尽管选择合适的模型对于获得有价值的结果至关重要，但捕获慢性伤口复杂性的理想体内模型仍然缺失，并且仍然是转化的挑战。这篇综述讨论了与伤口愈合研究最相关的哺乳动物模型，并为如何实现慢性伤口的特征提供了指导。它强调了现有模型的优点和缺陷，并规划了未来的研究途径。