To determine if the prevalence and severity of restless legs syndrome (RLS) varies with apnea severity and analyze differences between the sexes in terms of comorbid RLS with symptoms of depression, insomnia, and daytime sleepiness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Symptoms of depression, insomnia, and daytime sleepiness were defined as Patient Health Questionnaire–9 score ≥10, Insomnia Severity Index score ≥15, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale score ≥11. Multivariate logistic and linear regression analyses were conducted. In 707 adults with OSA (85.1% males), 16.1% (n = 114) had comorbid RLS. The prevalence of RLS was markedly lower in those with moderate and severe OSA than in those with mild OSA. Similarly, the odds of RLS significantly decreased with increasing apnea-hypopnea index. After controlling for age and sex, in patients with comorbid RLS, the International RLS Study Group Rating Scale scores were negatively correlated with apnea-hypopnea index and a nadir peripheral oxygen saturation during sleep. The presence of RLS was more likely to be associated with symptoms of depression, insomnia, and daytime sleepiness after controlling for confounding variables, but only in men. RLS is frequently noted in combination with OSA, with a female preponderance. The severities of OSA and RLS may be negatively associated. In patients with OSA, sex-related differences in terms of comorbid RLS with symptoms of depression, insomnia, and daytime sleepiness warrant further investigations.

中文翻译：

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阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者的不宁腿综合征：呼吸暂停严重程度与抑郁、失眠和白天嗜睡症状之间的关联

确定不宁腿综合征 (RLS) 的患病率和严重程度是否随呼吸暂停严重程度而变化，并分析阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停 (OSA) 患者中伴有抑郁、失眠和白天嗜睡症状的不宁腿综合征 (RLS) 的性别差异。抑郁、失眠和白天嗜睡的症状定义为患者健康问卷9评分≥10、失眠严重程度指数评分≥15、Epworth嗜睡量表评分≥11。进行了多变量逻辑回归和线性回归分析。在 707 名患有 OSA 的成年人中（85.1% 为男性），16.1% (n = 114) 患有 RLS 共病。中度和重度 OSA 患者的 RLS 患病率明显低于轻度 OSA 患者。同样，RLS 的发生率随着呼吸暂停低通气指数的增加而显着降低。在控制年龄和性别后，在患有共病 RLS 的患者中，国际 RLS 研究组评定量表评分与呼吸暂停低通气指数和睡眠期间最低外周血氧饱和度呈负相关。在控制混杂变量后，不宁腿综合症的存在更有可能与抑郁、失眠和白天嗜睡的症状相关，但仅限于男性。 RLS 经常与 OSA 合并出现，其中女性占多数。 OSA 和 RLS 的严重程度可能呈负相关。在 OSA 患者中，伴有抑郁、失眠和白天嗜睡症状的不宁腿综合征与性别相关的差异值得进一步研究。