Former comparisons between direct cortical stimulation (DCS) and navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) only focused on cortical mapping. While both can be combined with diffusion tensor imaging, their differences in the visualization of subcortical and even network levels remain unclear. Network centrality is an essential parameter in network analysis to measure the importance of nodes identified by mapping. Those include Degree centrality, Eigenvector centrality, Closeness centrality, Betweenness centrality, and PageRank centrality. While DCS and nTMS have repeatedly been compared on the cortical level, the underlying network identified by both has not been investigated yet. 27 patients with brain lesions necessitating preoperative nTMS and intraoperative DCS language mapping during awake craniotomy were enrolled. Function-based connectome analysis was performed based on the cortical nodes obtained through the two mapping methods, and language-related network centralities were compared. Compared with DCS language mapping, the positive predictive value of cortical nTMS language mapping is 74.1%, with good consistency of tractography for the arcuate fascicle and superior longitudinal fascicle. Moreover, network centralities did not differ between the two mapping methods. However, ventral stream tracts can be better traced based on nTMS mappings, demonstrating its strengths in acquiring language-related networks. In addition, it showed lower centralities than other brain areas, with decentralization as an indicator of language function loss. This study deepens the understanding of language-related functional anatomy and proves that non-invasive mapping-based network analysis is comparable to the language network identified via invasive cortical mapping.

中文翻译：

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非侵入性和侵入性绘图揭示了相似的语言网络中心性——基于功能的连接组分析

之前直接皮质刺激（DCS）和导航经颅磁刺激（nTMS）之间的比较仅集中于皮质映射。虽然两者都可以与扩散张量成像相结合，但它们在皮层下甚至网络水平可视化方面的差异仍不清楚。网络中心性是网络分析中的一个重要参数，用于衡量通过映射识别的节点的重要性。其中包括度中心性、特征向量中心性、紧密度中心性、介数中心性和 PageRank 中心性。虽然 DCS 和 nTMS 已在皮质水平上反复进行比较，但两者所识别的底层网络尚未得到研究。纳入了 27 名脑部病变患者，需要在清醒开颅手术期间进行术前 nTMS 和术中 DCS 语言映射。基于通过两种映射方法获得的皮质节点进行基于功能的连接组分析，并比较与语言相关的网络中心性。与DCS语言映射相比，皮质nTMS语言映射的阳性预测值为74.1%，弓状束和上纵束的纤维束成像一致性良好。此外，两种映射方法之间的网络中心性没有差异。然而，基于 nTMS 映射可以更好地追踪腹侧流束，这证明了其在获取语言相关网络方面的优势。此外，它的中心性比其他大脑区域低，分散性是语言功能丧失的指标。这项研究加深了对语言相关功能解剖学的理解，并证明基于非侵入性映射的网络分析与通过侵入性皮质映射识别的语言网络具有可比性。