There are many complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are two complications related to the increased lipid accumulation in the liver. Previous studies have shown that mulberry leaf water extract (MLE) has the effect of lowering lipid levels in peripheral blood, inhibiting the expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN) and increasing the activity of liver antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Our study aimed to investigate the role of MLE and its main component, neochlorogenic acid (nCGA), in reducing serum lipid profiles, decreasing lipid deposition in the liver, and improving steatohepatitis levels. We evaluated the antioxidant activity including glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GRd), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase was tested in mice fed with MLE and nCGA. The results showed a serum lipid profile, and fatty liver scores were significantly increased in the HFD group compared to the db/m and db mice groups, while liver antioxidant activity significantly decreased in the HFD group. When fed with HFD + MLE or nCGA, there was a significant improvement in serum lipid profiles, liver fatty deposition conditions, steatohepatitis levels, and liver antioxidant activity compared to the HFD group. Although MLE and nCGA do not directly affect the blood sugar level of db/db mice, they do regulate abnormalities in lipid metabolism. These results demonstrate the potential of MLE/nCGA as a treatment against glucotoxicity-induced diabetic fatty liver disease in animal models.

中文翻译：

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改善桑叶和新绿原酸对高脂饮食治疗的 db/db 小鼠糖毒性诱导的肝脂肪变性的影响

2型糖尿病有许多并发症。非酒精性脂肪肝病（NAFLD）和非酒精性脂肪性肝炎（NASH）是与肝脏脂质积累增加相关的两种并发症。前期研究表明，桑叶水提取物（MLE）具有降低外周血脂水平、抑制脂肪酸合成酶（FASN）表达、增加肝脏抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶活性的作用。我们的研究旨在探讨 MLE 及其主要成分新绿原酸 (nCGA) 在降低血清脂质谱、减少肝脏脂质沉积和改善脂肪性肝炎水平方面的作用。我们评估了谷胱甘肽 (GSH)、谷胱甘肽还原酶 (GRd)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GPx)、谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶 (GST) 和超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 的抗氧化活性，并在用 MLE 和 nCGA 喂养的小鼠中测试了过氧化氢酶。结果显示，与db/m和db小鼠组相比，HFD组的血脂谱和脂肪肝评分显着升高，而HFD组的肝脏抗氧化活性显着降低。当饲喂 HFD + MLE 或 nCGA 时，与 HFD 组相比，血清脂质谱、肝脏脂肪沉积状况、脂肪性肝炎水平和肝脏抗氧化活性显着改善。尽管MLE和nCGA不直接影响db/db小鼠的血糖水平，但它们确实调节脂质代谢异常。这些结果证明了 MLE/nCGA 在动物模型中治疗糖毒性诱导的糖尿病脂肪肝的潜力。