Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is a well-accepted probiotic, with many benefits for both humans and animals. The ability of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) to develop into several intestinal epithelial cell types helps accelerate intestinal epithelial regeneration. Limited knowledge exists on how bacteria regulated ISCs proliferation and regeneration. Our study investigated the effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens supplementation on ISC proliferation and regeneration and intestinal mucosal barrier functions in piglets exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Eighteen piglets (male, 21 days old) were randomly split into 3 clusters: CON cluster, LPS cluster, and SC06+LPS cluster. On day 21, 100 μg/kg body weight of LPS was intraperitoneally administered to the SC06+LPS and LPS groups. We found SC06 supplementation maintained the intestinal barrier integrity, enhanced intestinal antioxidant capacity, reduced generation of inflammatory response, and suppressed enterocyte apoptosis against the deleterious effects triggered by LPS. In addition, our research indicated that the SC06 supplementation not only improved the ISC regeneration, but also resulted in upregulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in LPS-challenge piglets. Further studies showed that SC06 also induced ISC differentiation toward goblet cells and inhibited their differentiation to intestinal absorptive cells and enterocytes. The coculture system of SC06 and ileum organoids revealed that SC06 increased the growth of ISCs and repaired LPS-induced organoid damage through activating the AhR/STAT3 signaling pathway. These findings showed that SC06, possibly through the AhR/STAT3 pathway, accelerated ISC proliferation and promoted epithelial barrier healing, providing a potential clinical treatment for IBD. Our research demonstrated that SC06 is effective in preventing intestinal epithelial damage after pathological injury, restoring intestinal homeostasis, and maintaining intestinal epithelial regeneration.

中文翻译：

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解淀粉芽孢杆菌 SC06 通过 AhR/STAT3 途径调节肠道干细胞增殖和分化，缓解 LPS 攻击仔猪的肠道炎症

解淀粉芽孢杆菌是一种广为接受的益生菌，对人类和动物都有很多好处。肠干细胞（ISC）发育成多种肠上皮细胞类型的能力有助于加速肠上皮再生。关于细菌如何调节 ISC 增殖和再生的知识有限。我们的研究调查了补充解淀粉芽孢杆菌对暴露于脂多糖 (LPS) 的仔猪 ISC 增殖和再生以及肠粘膜屏障功能的影响。将 18 头仔猪（雄性，21 日龄）随机分为 3 组：CON 组、LPS 组和 SC06+LPS 组。第21天，向SC06+LPS组和LPS组腹腔内施用100μg/kg体重的LPS。我们发现补充 SC06 可以维持肠道屏障的完整性，增强肠道抗氧化能力，减少炎症反应的产生，并抑制肠上皮细胞凋亡，对抗 LPS 引发的有害作用。此外，我们的研究表明，补充 SC06 不仅改善了 ISC 再生，而且还导致 LPS 攻击仔猪中芳烃受体 (AhR) 的上调。进一步的研究表明，SC06还诱导ISC向杯状细胞分化，并抑制其向肠吸收细胞和肠上皮细胞的分化。 SC06 和回肠类器官的共培养系统表明，SC06 通过激活 AhR/STAT3 信号通路促进 ISC 的生长并修复 LPS 诱导的类器官损伤。这些发现表明SC06可能通过AhR/STAT3途径加速ISC增殖并促进上皮屏障愈合，为IBD提供潜在的临床治疗。我们的研究表明，SC06可有效预防病理损伤后肠上皮损伤，恢复肠道稳态，维持肠上皮再生。