Superatomic constructs have been identified as a critical component of future technologies. The isolation of coinage metal superatoms relies on partially reducing metallic frameworks to accommodate the mixed valent state required to generate a superatom. Controlling this reduction requires careful consideration in reducing the agent, temperature, and the ligand that directs the self-assembly process. Hydride-based reducing agents dominate the synthetic wet chemical routes to coinage metal clusters. However, within this category, a unique subset of superatoms that retain a hydride/s within the nanocluster post-reduction have emerged. These stable constructs have only recently been characterized in the solid state and have highly unique structural features and properties. The difficulty in identifying the position of hydrides in electron-rich metallic constructs requires the combination and correlation of several analytical methods, including ESI-MS, NMR, SCXRD, and DFT. This text highlights the importance of NMR in detecting hydride environments in these superatomic systems. Added to the complexity of these systems is the dual nature of the hydride, which can act as metallic hydrogen in some cases, resulting in entirely different physical properties. This review includes all hydride-doped superatomic nanoclusters emphasizing synthesis, structure, and catalytic potential.

中文翻译：

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氢化物掺杂造币金属超原子及其催化应用

超原子结构已被确定为未来技术的关键组成部分。造币金属超原子的分离依赖于部分还原金属骨架以适应生成超原子所需的混合价态。控制这种还原需要仔细考虑减少指导自组装过程的试剂、温度和配体。氢化物基还原剂在造币金属簇的合成湿化学路线中占主导地位。然而，在这一类别中，出现了一个独特的超原子子集，它们在还原后的纳米团簇中保留了氢化物。这些稳定的结构最近才以固态进行表征，并且具有高度独特的结构特征和性质。确定富电子金属结构中氢化物位置的困难需要多种分析方法的组合和关联，包括 ESI-MS、NMR、SCXRD 和 DFT。本文强调了核磁共振在检测这些超原子系统中氢化物环境中的重要性。氢化物的双重性质增加了这些系统的复杂性，在某些情况下它可以充当金属氢，从而产生完全不同的物理性质。本综述包括所有氢化物掺杂的超原子纳米团簇，强调合成、结构和催化潜力。