Japanese brome (Bromus japonicus Thumb.) is one of the problematic annual weeds in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and is generally controlled by acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors. Repeated use of the ALS inhibitor propoxycarbazone-Na resulted in the evolution of resistance to this herbicide in three B. japonicus populations, i.e., R1, R2, and R3 in Kansas (KS). However, the level of resistance and mechanism conferring resistance in these populations is unknown. The objectives of this research were to (i) evaluate the level of resistance to propoxycarbazone-Na in R1, R2, and R3 in comparison with a known susceptible population (S1), (ii) investigate the mechanism of resistance involved in conferring ALS-inhibitor resistance, and (iii) investigate the cross-resistance to other ALS inhibitors.

中文翻译：

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美国首例日本雀麦 (Bromus japonicus) 乙酰乳酸合酶 (ALS) 抑制剂耐药性病例的确认和表征

日本雀麦 ( Bromus japonicus Thumb.) 是冬小麦 ( Triticum aestivum L.) 中存在问题的一年生杂草之一，通常通过乙酰乳酸合酶 (ALS) 抑制剂来控制。重复使用ALS抑制剂丙苯卡巴腙钠导致堪萨斯州(KS)的三个日本竹节虫群体(即R1、R2和R3 )对该除草剂的抗性进化。然而，这些人群的耐药水平和赋予耐药性的机制尚不清楚。本研究的目的是 (i) 与已知易感人群 (S1) 相比，评估 R1、R2 和 R3 对丙苯脲-Na 的耐药水平，(ii) 研究与赋予 ALS- 相关的耐药机制抑制剂耐药性，以及 (iii) 研究与其他 ALS 抑制剂的交叉耐药性。