Piezoelectric biomaterials have demonstrated significant potential in the past few decades to heal damaged tissue and restore cellular functionalities. Herein, we discuss the role of bioelectricity in tissue remodeling and explore ways to mimic such tissue-like properties in synthetic biomaterials. In the past decade, biomedical engineers have adopted emerging functional biomaterials-based tissue engineering approaches using innovative bioelectronic stimulation protocols based on dynamic stimuli to direct cellular activation, proliferation, and differentiation on engineered biomaterial constructs. The primary focus of this review is to discuss the concepts of piezoelectric energy harvesting, piezoelectric materials, and their application in soft (skin and neural) and hard (dental and bone) tissue regeneration. While discussing the prospective applications as an engineered tissue, an important distinction has been made between piezoceramics, piezopolymers, and their composites. The superiority of piezopolymers over piezoceramics to circumvent issues such as stiffness mismatch, biocompatibility, and biodegradability are highlighted. We aim to provide a comprehensive review of the field and identify opportunities for the future to develop clinically relevant and state-of-the-art biomaterials for personalized and remote health care.

中文翻译：

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组织重塑压电生物材料的研究进展

在过去的几十年里，压电生物材料已显示出治愈受损组织和恢复细胞功能的巨大潜力。在这里，我们讨论生物电在组织重塑中的作用，并探索在合成生物材料中模拟这种组织样特性的方法。在过去的十年中，生物医学工程师采用了基于功能性生物材料的新兴组织工程方法，使用基于动态刺激的创新生物电子刺激方案来指导工程生物材料结构上的细胞激活、增殖和分化。本综述的主要重点是讨论压电能量收集、压电材料的概念及其在软（皮肤和神经）和硬（牙齿和骨骼）组织再生中的应用。在讨论作为工程组织的预期应用时，压电陶瓷、压电聚合物及其复合材料之间存在重要区别。压电聚合物相对于压电陶瓷在解决诸如刚度失配、生物相容性和生物可降解性等问题方面的优越性得到了强调。我们的目标是对该领域进行全面回顾，并确定未来的机会，为个性化和远程医疗保健开发临床相关且最先进的生物材料。