In the last century, humankind has based its energy demand on the extensive exploitation of fossil resources with the massive emission of CO₂, resulting in problems such as pollution, the greenhouse effect, and, consequently, climate change. However, these resources are limited, and each year, their depletion is getting closer. Therefore, in the last few decades, scientific efforts have been focused on finding alternative ways to use and store green energy sources. The purpose of the present review is to present an overview of the most efficient multinuclear catalytic systems in the field of artificial photosynthesis based on reductive and oxidative mechanisms. In particular, it emphasizes the most recent improvements in homogeneous photocatalysis based on multimetallic complexes, illustrating the advantages of systems consisting of a linked catalyst(s) and photosensitizer(s) that can be employed to achieve high-energy demanding processes, such as the reduction of CO₂ and water oxidation.

中文翻译：

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用于光诱导生产绿色燃料的多核系统：基于过渡金属的均相催化剂概述

上个世纪，人类对能源的需求建立在化石资源的粗放开采上，CO ₂的大量排放，造成了污染、温室效应和气候变化等问题。然而，这些资源是有限的，而且每年都越来越接近枯竭。因此，在过去的几十年里，科学努力一直集中在寻找使用和储存绿色能源的替代方法。本综述的目的是概述基于还原和氧化机制的人工光合作用领域最有效的多核催化系统。特别是，它强调了基于多金属络合物的均相光催化的最新改进，说明了由连接的催化剂和光敏剂组成的系统的优点，该系统可用于实现高能量要求的过程，例如CO ₂的还原和水的氧化。