Multifunctional flexible electronics present tremendous opportunities in the rapidly evolving digital age. One potential avenue to realize this goal is the integration of polyoxometalates (POMs) and ionic liquid-based gels (ILGs), but the challenge of macrophase separation due to poor compatibility, especially caused by repulsion between like-charged units, poses a significant hurdle. Herein, the possibilities of producing diverse and homogenous POMs-containing ionohydrogels by nanoconfining POMs and ionic liquids (ILs) within an elastomer-like polyzwitterionic hydrogel using a simple one-step random copolymerization method, are expanded vastly. The incorporation of polyzwitterions provides a nanoconfined microenvironment and effectively modulates excessive electrostatic interactions in POMs/ILs/H₂O blending system, facilitating a phase transition from macrophase separation to a submillimeter scale worm-like microphase-separation system. Moreover, combining POMs-reinforced ionohydrogels with a developed integrated self-powered sensing system utilizing strain sensors and Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors has enabled efficient energy storage and detection of external strain changes with high precision. This work not only provides guidelines for manipulating morphology within phase-separation gelation systems, but also paves the way for developing versatile POMs-based ionohydrogels for state-of-the-art smart flexible electronics.

中文翻译：

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用于柔性电子产品的多功能多金属氧酸盐基离子水凝胶

多功能柔性电子产品在快速发展的数字时代带来了巨大的机遇。实现这一目标的一个潜在途径是多金属氧酸盐（POM）和离子液体凝胶（ILG）的整合，但由于相容性差，特别是由同电荷单元之间的排斥引起的宏观相分离的挑战，构成了重大障碍。在此，使用简单的一步无规共聚方法，通过在弹性体状聚两性离子水凝胶中纳米限制POM和离子液体（IL）来生产多样化且均质的含POM的离子水凝胶的可能性大大扩展。多两性离子的掺入提供了纳米限制的微环境，并有效调节POMs/ILs/H ₂ O混合体系中过度的静电相互作用，促进从宏观相分离到亚毫米级蠕虫状微相分离系统的相变。此外，将 POM 增强的离子水凝胶与利用应变传感器和锌离子混合超级电容器开发的集成自供电传感系统相结合，可以实现高效的能量存储和高精度的外部应变变化检测。这项工作不仅为在相分离凝胶系统中操纵形态提供了指导，而且为开发用于最先进的智能柔性电子产品的多功能 POM 离子水凝胶铺平了道路。