Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by boosting the immune system and preventing disease escape mechanisms. Despite its potential, challenges like limited response rates and adverse immune effects impede its widespread clinical adoption. Ultrasound (US), known for its safety and effectiveness in tumor diagnosis and therapy, has been shown to significantly enhance immunotherapy when used with nanosystems. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) can obliterate tumor cells and elicit immune reactions through the creation of immunogenic debris. Low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) bolsters tumor immunosuppression and mitigates metastasis risk by concentrating dendritic cells. Ultrasonic cavitation (UC) produces microbubbles that can transport immune enhancers directly, thus strengthening the immune response and therapeutic impact. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) merges nanotechnology with immunotherapy, using specialized sonosensitizers to kill cancer cells and stimulate immune responses, increasing treatment success. This review discusses the integration of ultrasound-responsive nanosystems in tumor immunotherapy, exploring future opportunities and current hurdles.

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超声响应纳米系统在肿瘤免疫治疗中的最新进展

免疫疗法通过增强免疫系统和防止疾病逃逸机制彻底改变了癌症治疗。尽管其潜力巨大，但有限的反应率和不良免疫效应等挑战阻碍了其广泛的临床应用。超声波（美国）以其在肿瘤诊断和治疗中的安全性和有效性而闻名，已被证明与纳米系统一起使用时可以显着增强免疫治疗。高强度聚焦超声 (HIFU) 可以消灭肿瘤细胞，并通过产生免疫原性碎片引发免疫反应。低强度聚焦超声（LIFU）通过集中树突状细胞来增强肿瘤免疫抑制并降低转移风险。超声波空化（UC）产生的微泡可以直接运输免疫增强剂，从而增强免疫反应和治疗效果。声动力疗法 (SDT) 将纳米技术与免疫疗法相结合，使用专门的声敏剂杀死癌细胞并刺激免疫反应，从而提高治疗成功率。本综述讨论了超声响应纳米系统在肿瘤免疫治疗中的整合，探讨了未来的机遇和当前的障碍。