The specific delivery of a drug to its site of action also known as targeted drug delivery is a topic in the field of pharmaceutics studied for decades. One approach extensively investigated in this context is the use ligand functionalized nanoparticles. These particles are modified to carry receptor specific ligands, enabling them to accumulate at a desired target site. However, while this concept initially appears straightforward to implement, in-depth research has revealed several challenges hindering target site specific particle accumulation - some of which remain unresolved to this day. One of these challenges consists in the still incomplete understanding of how nanoparticles interact with biological systems. This knowledge gap significantly compromises the predictability of particle distribution in biological systems, which is critical for therapeutic efficacy.

中文翻译：

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纳米粒子亲和力与生物分布之间相关性的不确定性

将药物特异性递送至其作用位点（也称为靶向药物递送）是药剂学领域研究了数十年的一个主题。在这方面广泛研究的一种方法是使用配体功能化纳米颗粒。这些颗粒经过修饰，可携带受体特异性配体，使它们能够积聚在所需的靶位点。然而，虽然这个概念最初看起来很容易实施，但深入的研究揭示了阻碍目标位点特定颗粒积累的几个挑战 - 其中一些至今仍未解决。这些挑战之一在于对纳米颗粒如何与生物系统相互作用的了解仍然不完全。这种知识差距极大地影响了生物系统中颗粒分布的可预测性，而这对于治疗效果至关重要。