Exposure to ambient PM and its bound metals poses a risk to health and disease, via, in part, oxidative stress response. A variety of oxidative stress markers have been used as markers of response, but their relevance to environmental exposure remains to be established. We evaluated, longitudinally, a battery of oxidative stress markers and their relationship with the exposure of PM and its bound metals in a panel of healthy participants. Levels of residence- and personal-based ambient air PM and its bound metals, as well as of lung function parameters, were assessed in a total of 58 questionnaire-administered healthy never smoker participants (male, 39.7%). Levels of urinary oxidative stress markers, including Nε-(hexanoyl)-lysine (HEL; an early lipid peroxidation product), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), N7-methylguanine (N7-meG), and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), plasma antioxidants [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and urinary metals were measured by ELISA, LC-MS, and ICP-MS, respectively. The results of three repeated measurements at two-month intervals were analyzed using the Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE). After adjusting for confounders, residence- and personal-based PM levels were positively associated with HEL (β = 0.22 and 0.18) and N7-meG (β = 0.39 and 0.13). Significant correlations were observed between personal air PM-Pb and urinary Pb with HEL (β = 0.08 and 0.26). While FVC, FEV, FEV/FVC, MMF, and PEFR predicted% were normal, a negative interaction (pollutant*time, P < 0.05) was noted for PM-V, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, As, and Pb. Additionally, a negative interaction was found for N7-meG (β = −21.35, −18.77, −23.86) and SOD (β = −26.56, −26.18, −16.48) with FEV, FVC, and PEFR predicted%, respectively. These findings emphasize potential links between environmental exposure, internal dose, and health effects, thereby offering valuable markers for future research on metal exposure, oxidative stress, and health outcomes.

中文翻译：

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健康参与者氧化应激标记物及其与 PM2.5 及其结合金属暴露的关系的纵向评估

暴露于环境 PM 及其结合金属会对健康和疾病构成风险，部分原因是氧化应激反应。多种氧化应激标记物已被用作反应标记物，但它们与环境暴露的相关性仍有待确定。我们纵向评估了一组健康参与者的氧化应激标记物及其与 PM 及其结合金属暴露的关系。对总共 58 名接受问卷调查的健康从不吸烟者参与者（男性，39.7%）评估了居住和个人环境空气 PM 及其结合金属的水平以及肺功能参数。尿液氧化应激标记物的水平，包括 Nε-（己酰基）-赖氨酸（HEL；一种早期脂质过氧化产物）、4-羟基壬烯醛 (4-HNE)、N7-甲基鸟嘌呤 (N7-meG) 和 8-羟基-2-分别通过 ELISA、LC-MS 和 ICP-MS 测量脱氧鸟苷 (8-OHdG)、血浆抗氧化剂 [超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GPx)] 以及尿金属。使用广义估计方程（GEE）分析以两个月为间隔的三次重复测量的结果。调整混杂因素后，基于居住地和个人的 PM 水平与 HEL（β = 0.22 和 0.18）和 N7-meG（β = 0.39 和 0.13）呈正相关。个人空气 PM-Pb 和尿液 Pb 与 HEL 之间存在显着相关性（β = 0.08 和 0.26）。虽然 FVC、FEV、FEV/FVC、MMF 和 PEFR 预测百分比正常，但 PM-V、Mn、Co、Ni、Zn、As 和 Pb 存在负相互作用（污染物*时间，P < 0.05）。此外，还发现 N7-meG（β = -21.35、-18.77、-23.86）和 SOD（β = -26.56、-26.18、-16.48）分别与 FEV、FVC 和 PEFR 预测百分比存在负相互作用。这些发现强调了环境暴露、内部剂量和健康影响之间的潜在联系，从而为金属暴露、氧化应激和健康结果的未来研究提供了有价值的标记。