Plants take up metals, including the essential micronutrients [iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn)] and the toxic heavy metal cadmium (Cd), from soil and accumulate these metals in their edible parts, which are direct and indirect intake sources for humans. Multiple transporters belonging to different families are required to transport a metal from the soil to different organs and tissues, but only a few of them have been fully functionally characterized. The transport systems (the transporters required for uptake, translocation, distribution, redistribution, and their regulation) differ with metals and plant species, depending on the physiological roles, requirements of each metal, and anatomies of different organs and tissues. To maintain metal homeostasis in response to spatiotemporal fluctuations of metals in soil, plants have developed sophisticated and tightly regulated mechanisms through the regulation of transporters at the transcriptional and/or posttranscriptional levels. The manipulation of some transporters has succeeded in generating crops rich in essential metals but low in Cd accumulation. A better understanding of metal transport systems will contribute to better and safer crop production.Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Plant Biology, Volume 75 is May 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

中文翻译：

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植物中的金属运输系统

植物从土壤中吸收金属，包括必需的微量营养素 [铁 (Fe)、铜 (Cu)、锌 (Zn) 和锰 (Mn)] 以及有毒的重金属镉 (Cd)，并将这些金属积累在可食用的物质中。零件，是人类直接和间接的摄入来源。需要属于不同家族的多个转运蛋白将金属从土壤转运到不同的器官和组织，但只有少数转运蛋白得到了充分的功能表征。转运系统（吸收、易位、分布、再分布及其调节所需的转运蛋白）因金属和植物种类而异，具体取决于每种金属的生理作用、需求以及不同器官和组织的解剖结构。为了维持金属稳态以应对土壤中金属的时空波动，植物通过转录和/或转录后水平上的转运蛋白的调节发展出复杂且严格调节的机制。对一些转运蛋白的操纵已成功地产生了富含必需金属但镉积累量较低的作物。更好地了解金属运输系统将有助于更好、更安全的作物生产。《植物生物学年度评论》第 75 卷的预计最终在线出版日期为 2024 年 5 月。请参阅 http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal /pubdates 修订后的估计。