The phase state of aerosol particles can impact numerous atmospheric processes, including new particle growth, heterogeneous chemistry, cloud condensation nucleus formation, and ice nucleation. In this article, the phase transitions of inorganic, organic, and organic/inorganic aerosol particles are discussed, with particular focus on liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). The physical chemistry that determines whether LLPS occurs, at what relative humidity it occurs, and the resultant particle morphology is explained using both theoretical and experimental methods. The known impacts of LLPS on aerosol processes in the atmosphere are discussed. Finally, potential evidence for LLPS from field and chamber studies is presented. By understanding the physical chemistry of the phase transitions of aerosol particles, we will acquire a better understanding of aerosol processes, which in turn impact human health and climate.Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, Volume 75 is April 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

中文翻译：

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有机和有机/无机气溶胶颗粒的相变

气溶胶颗粒的相态可以影响许多大气过程，包括新颗粒的生长、异质化学、云凝结核形成和冰成核。在本文中，讨论了无机、有机和有机/无机气溶胶颗粒的相变，特别关注液-液相分离 (LLPS)。使用理论和实验方法解释了决定 LLPS 是否发生、发生的相对湿度以及所得颗粒形态的物理化学。讨论了 LLPS 对大气中气溶胶过程的已知影响。最后，提出了来自现场和室内研究的 LLPS 的潜在证据。通过了解气溶胶颗粒相变的物理化学，我们将更好地了解气溶胶过程，进而影响人类健康和气候。《物理化学年度评论》第 75 卷的预计最终在线出版日期为 2024 年 4 月请参阅 http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates 了解修订后的估计。