Integrated process and fuel design enables tailoring renewable fuels for optimal production while simultaneously fulfilling desired fuel specifications. In this work, we extend the integrated process and fuel design framework from [A. König et al., Comput. Chem. Eng., 2020, 134, 106712] towards multiple environmental impact categories of the life cycle assessment methodology as additional objectives to “production cost” and “global warming impact”. We then apply the technique of [G. Guillén-Gosálbez, Comput. Chem. Eng., 2011, 35(8), 1469] to reduce the high dimensionality of the objective vector while still covering the major trade-offs of the optimization problem. Commonly, the input data required for this technique are normalized. We analyze the influence of normalization variants on the identification of the key environmental objectives. For the specific case of designing advanced spark-ignition engine fuels, our findings suggest that “land use” and “resource use of minerals and metals” represent key environmental objectives in addition to “production cost”. These key objectives hold for both current and future technologies for feedstock and utility supply as well as different normalization variants. Our subsequent multi-objective optimization with these key objectives demonstrates that the obtained renewable bio-hybrid fuels, produced from biomass and renewable electricity, can balance the benefits and drawbacks of both biomass- and electricity-based fuels.

中文翻译：

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确定集成工艺和燃料设计的关键环境目标

集成的工艺和燃料设计能够定制可再生燃料以实现最佳生产，同时满足所需的燃料规格。在这项工作中，我们扩展了[A.柯尼格等人。，计算。化学。工程师。 , 2020, 134 , 106712]将生命周期评估方法的多个环境影响类别作为“生产成本”和“全球变暖影响”的附加目标。然后我们应用[G. Guillén-Gosálbez，计算机。化学。工程师。，2011，35 （ 8），1469]减少目标向量的高维，同时仍然涵盖优化问题的主要权衡。通常，该技术所需的输入数据是标准化的。我们分析了标准化变量对确定关键环境目标的影响。对于设计先进火花点火发动机燃料的具体案例，我们的研究结果表明，除了“生产成本”之外，“土地利用”和“矿物和金属的资源利用”也代表了关键的环境目标。这些关键目标适用于当前和未来的原料和公用事业供应技术以及不同的标准化变体。我们随后针对这些关键目标进行的多目标优化表明，由生物质和可再生电力生产的可再生生物混合燃料可以平衡生物质燃料和电力燃料的优点和缺点。