This study investigates the impact of plasma–seed interaction on germination and early plant development, focusing on Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica napus. The investigation delves into changes in chemical composition, water absorption, and surface morphology induced by plasma filaments generated in synthetic air. These analyses were conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Although plasma treatment enhanced water absorption and modified surface chemistry, its impact on germination demonstrated species- and context-dependent variations. Notably, the accelerated germination and morphogenesis of seedlings in microbiome-enriched (MB+) soil could be achieved also in microbiome-deprived (MB−) soil by short-term plasma treatment of seeds. Remarkably, the positive effects of plasma treatment on early developmental events (germination, morphogenesis) and later events (formation of inflorescences) were more pronounced in the context of MB– soil but were accompanied by a slight decrease in disease resistance, which was not detected in MB+ soil. The results underscore the intricate dynamics of plasma–plant interactions and stress the significance of accounting for the soil microbiome while designing experiments with potential field application.

中文翻译：

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等离子体处理改变种衣中的元素分布，并通过与土壤微生物组的相互作用进一步影响发芽和植物生长

本研究调查了血浆-种子相互作用对发芽和早期植物发育的影响，重点关注拟南芥和甘蓝型油菜。该研究深入研究了合成空气中产生的等离子丝引起的化学成分、吸水率和表面形态的变化。这些分析是使用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 和 X 射线光电子能谱 (XPS) 进行的。尽管等离子体处理增强了吸水性并改变了表面化学性质，但其对发芽的影响表现出与物种和环境相关的变化。值得注意的是，通过对种子进行短期等离子体处理，在富含微生物组（MB+）的土壤中，也可以在缺乏微生物组（MB−）的土壤中实现幼苗的加速发芽和形态发生。值得注意的是，等离子体处理对早期发育事件（发芽、形态发生）和后期事件（花序形成）的积极影响在 MB- 土壤中更为明显，但伴随着抗病性的轻微下降，但未检测到这一点在 MB+ 土壤中。结果强调了等离子体与植物相互作用的复杂动态，并强调了在设计具有潜在现场应用的实验时考虑土壤微生物组的重要性。