The geographical distribution of malaria and HIV infections widely overlap in sub-Saharan Africa, constituting a complex global health challenge. The interplay between both infections raises concerns about potential immunological, clinical, and therapeutic interactions. Both diseases have been reported to exacerbate the transmission of the other, including the possible vertical transmission of HIV in pregnant individuals with malaria. Co-infection also increases the risk of adverse outcomes such as severe malaria and death. In addition, interactions between antiretroviral and antimalarial drugs have been reported, potentially reducing the efficacy of these drugs. We review the current knowledge of the epidemiological, clinical, immunological, and therapeutic interactions of both infections. We focus on the latest available data and identify key knowledge gaps that should be addressed to guide policy makers in providing optimal HIV and malaria prevention, care, and treatment in vulnerable populations.

中文翻译：

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揭示艾滋病毒和疟疾的相互作用：最新证据和知识差距

疟疾和艾滋病毒感染的地理分布在撒哈拉以南非洲地区广泛重叠，构成了复杂的全球健康挑战。两种感染之间的相互作用引起了人们对潜在的免疫、临床和治疗相互作用的担忧。据报道，这两种疾病都会加剧另一种疾病的传播，包括艾滋病毒在患有疟疾的孕妇中可能的垂直传播。合并感染还会增加严重疟疾和死亡等不良后果的风险。此外，据报道，抗逆转录病毒药物和抗疟药物之间存在相互作用，可能会降低这些药物的疗效。我们回顾了这两种感染的流行病学、临床、免疫学和治疗相互作用的当前知识。我们关注最新的可用数据，并确定应解决的关键知识差距，以指导政策制定者为弱势群体提供最佳的艾滋病毒和疟疾预防、护理和治疗。