The high reactivity of Li metal anodes and dendrite issues in lithium metal batteries (LMBs) pose serious challenges to the electrolytes. Herein, a novel propylene carbonate (PC) based localized high concentration electrolyte (LHCE) for LMBs is rationally designed, which achieves flame retardancy, a broad electrochemical stability window, dendrite-free Li deposition, and a wide operating temperature range. It enables Li‖NMC811 with a 50 μm thick Li metal anode and high loading capacity NMC811 cathode (14.8 mg cm⁻², 2.96 mA h cm⁻²) to achieve 80% capacity retention after 100 cycles at a high cut-off voltage of 4.5 V. Li‖NMC811 achieves 85% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 55 °C, and it exhibits a discharge specific capacity of 140 mA h g⁻¹, 95 mA h g⁻¹ and 47 mA h g⁻¹ at different low temperatures of 0 °C, −20 °C and −40 °C, respectively. Moreover, LHCE is helpful for the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) that is rich in inorganic species, which is able to improve ion transport efficiency and suppress parasitic reactions at the electrode–electrolyte interface.

中文翻译：

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新型碳酸丙烯基局部高浓度电解液具有高电压、阻燃和宽温度特性，使锂金属电池具有优异的电化学性能

锂金属负极的高反应活性和锂金属电池（LMB）中的枝晶问题对电解质提出了严峻的挑战。本文合理设计了一种基于碳酸丙烯酯（PC）的新型LMB局部高浓度电解质（LHCE），该电解质具有阻燃性、宽电化学稳定性窗口、无枝晶锂沉积和宽工作温度范围。它使具有 50 μm 厚锂金属阳极和高负载容量 NMC811 阴极（14.8 mg cm ^-2、2.96 mA h cm ^-2）的 Li‖NMC811 在 100 次循环后在高截止电压下实现 80% 的容量保持率。 4.5 V。Li‖NMC811在55℃下循环100次后容量保持率为85%，在0℃不同低温下放电比容量分别为140 mA hg ⁻¹、95 mA hg ⁻¹和47 mA hg ⁻¹ 。分别为°C、-20°C 和-40°C。此外，LHCE有助于形成富含无机物质的固体电解质界面（SEI），从而提高离子传输效率并抑制电极-电解质界面的寄生反应。