Healthcare hygiene plays a crucial role in the prevention of healthcare-associated infections. Patients admitted to a room where the previous occupant had a multi-drug-resistant bacterial infection are at an increased risk of colonization and infection with the same organism. A 2006 systematic review by Kramer found that certain pathogens can survive for months on dry surfaces. The aim of this review is to update Kramer ’s previous review and provide contemporary data on the survival of pathogens relevant to the healthcare environment. We systematically searched Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL and Scopus databases for studies that described the survival time of common nosocomial pathogens in the environment. Pathogens included in the review were bacterial, viral, and fungal. Studies were independently screened against predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria by two researchers. Conflicts were resolved by one of two senior researchers. A spreadsheet was developed for the data extraction. The search identified 1736 studies. Following removal of duplicates and application of the search criteria, the synthesis of results from 62 included studies were included. 117 organisms were reported. The longest surviving organism reported was which was found to have persisted for 600 days. Common pathogens of concern to infection prevention and control, can survive or persist on inanimate surfaces for months. This data supports the need for a risk-based approach to cleaning and disinfection practices, accompanied by appropriate training, audit and feedback which are proven to be effective when adopted in a ‘bundle’ approach.

中文翻译：

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医院病原体在无生命表面上能持续多久？范围审查

医疗保健卫生在预防医疗保健相关感染方面发挥着至关重要的作用。如果患者入住的房间的前住户患有多重耐药细菌感染，那么患者被同一微生物定植和感染的风险就会增加。 Kramer 2006 年的一项系统审查发现，某些病原体可以在干燥的表面上存活数月。本次审查的目的是更新 Kramer 之前的审查，并提供与医疗环境相关的病原体生存的当代数据。我们系统地检索了 Ovid MEDLINE、CINAHL 和 Scopus 数据库，以查找描述常见医院病原体在环境中生存时间的研究。审查中包括的病原体有细菌、病毒和真菌。两名研究人员根据预先确定的纳入/排除标准对研究进行独立筛选。冲突由两名高级研究人员之一解决。开发了一个电子表格用于数据提取。检索发现了 1736 项研究。删除重复项并应用搜索标准后，62 项纳入研究的结果综合被纳入。报告了 117 种生物。据报道，存活时间最长的生物体被发现可以存活 600 天。与感染预防和控制有关的常见病原体可以在无生命的表面上存活或持续数月。这些数据支持对清洁和消毒实践采取基于风险的方法的需要，并辅之以适当的培训、审核和反馈，事实证明，在“捆绑”方法中采用这些方法是有效的。