Breast cancer’s tendency to metastasize poses a critical barrier to effective treatment, making it a leading cause of mortality among women worldwide. A growing body of evidence is showing that translational adaptation is emerging as a key mechanism enabling cancer cells to thrive in the dynamic tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we systematically summarize how breast cancer cells utilize translational adaptation to drive metastasis, highlighting the intricate regulation by specific translation machinery and mRNA attributes such as sequences and structures, along with the involvement of tRNAs and other trans-acting RNAs. We provide an overview of the latest findings and emerging concepts in this area, discussing their potential implications for therapeutic strategies in breast cancer.

乳腺癌的转移倾向对有效治疗构成了关键障碍，使其成为全球女性死亡的主要原因。越来越多的证据表明，翻译适应正在成为癌细胞在动态肿瘤微环境（TME）中茁壮成长的关键机制。在这里，我们系统地总结了乳腺癌细胞如何利用翻译适应来驱动转移，强调了特定翻译机制和 mRNA 属性（例如序列和结构）以及 tRNA 和其他反式作用 RNA 的参与的复杂调节。我们概述了该领域的最新发现和新兴概念，讨论了它们对乳腺癌治疗策略的潜在影响。