Necroptosis is an important form of programmed cell death (PCD), which is mediated by a death receptor and independent of the caspase proteolytic enzyme. Mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) is the final effector of necroptosis, playing an irreplaceable role in the execution of necroptosis. However, the studies on MLKL inhibitors are in their infancy. Necrosulfonamide (NSA) is an early-discovered covalent MLKL inhibitor, possessing medium anti-necroptosis activity and a structure-activity relationship (SAR) not widely disclosed. In this study, with the covalent motif maintained, we aim to improve the activity by introducing the terminal fused heterocycles and meanwhile revealing the SAR on the part. As a result, compounds and showed the best activity (EC = 148.4 and 595.9 nM) against necroptosis among the analogues by covalently binding to MLKL. The SAR was also concluded to guide further structural optimization in this field.

中文翻译：

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稠合杂环MLKL抑制剂的设计、合成及其抗坏死性凋亡活性

坏死性凋亡是程序性细胞死亡 (PCD) 的一种重要形式，由死亡受体介导且独立于 caspase 蛋白水解酶。混合谱系激酶结构域样（MLKL）是坏死性凋亡的最终效应器，在坏死性凋亡的执行中发挥着不可替代的作用。然而，MLKL抑制剂的研究还处于起步阶段。 Necrosulfonamide (NSA) 是一种早期发现的共价 MLKL 抑制剂，具有中等抗坏死性凋亡活性和尚未广泛披露的构效关系 (SAR)。在本研究中，在保留共价基序的情况下，我们旨在通过引入末端稠合杂环并同时揭示部分的SAR来提高活性。结果，化合物 和 通过与 MLKL 共价结合而在类似物中表现出最佳的抗坏死性凋亡活性（EC = 148.4 和 595.9 nM）。特区政府的成立也是为了指导该领域的进一步结构优化。