HIV-1 infection is associated with the loss of CD4 T cells in humans, but this loss and progression to AIDS is not observed for SIV infection of natural primate hosts. This difference is found to be due to the differential activation of the CARD8 inflammasome in humans, which upon sensing the virus causes rapid pyroptosis of quiescent T cells.

中文翻译：

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CARD8 炎症小体决定 HIV/SIV 发病机制和疾病进展

HIV-1 感染与人类 CD4 T 细胞的丧失有关，但在自然灵长类宿主的 SIV 感染中并未观察到这种丧失和进展为 AIDS 的情况。发现这种差异是由于人类 CARD8 炎性体的差异激活所致，在检测到病毒后，会导致静止 T 细胞快速焦亡。