Psychomotor disturbances are observed across psychiatric disorders and often manifest as psychomotor slowing, agitation, disorganized behavior, or catatonia. Psychomotor function includes both cognitive and motor components, but the neural circuits driving these subprocesses and how they relate to symptoms have remained elusive for centuries. We analyzed data from the HCP-EP (Human Connectome Project for Early Psychosis), a multisite study of 125 participants with early psychosis and 58 healthy participants with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and clinical characterization. Psychomotor function was assessed using the 9-hole pegboard task, a timed motor task that engages mechanical and psychomotor components of action, and tasks assessing processing speed and task switching. We used multivariate pattern analysis of whole-connectome data to identify brain correlates of psychomotor function. We identified discrete brain circuits driving the cognitive and motor components of psychomotor function. In our combined sample of participants with psychosis ( = 89) and healthy control participants ( = 52), the strongest correlates of psychomotor function (pegboard performance) ( < .005) were between a midline cerebellar region and left frontal region and presupplementary motor area. Psychomotor function was correlated with both cerebellar-frontal connectivity ( = 0.33) and cerebellar–presupplementary motor area connectivity ( = 0.27). However, the cognitive component of psychomotor performance (task switching) was correlated only with cerebellar-frontal connectivity ( = 0.19), whereas the motor component (processing speed) was correlated only with cerebellar–presupplementary motor area connectivity ( = 0.15), suggesting distinct circuits driving unique subprocesses of psychomotor function. We identified cerebellar-cortical circuits that drive distinct subprocesses of psychomotor function. Future studies should probe relationships between cerebellar connectivity and psychomotor performance using neuromodulation.

中文翻译：

---

精神运动过程中驱动行动和认知的不同网络的隔离

在各种精神疾病中都可以观察到精神运动障碍，通常表现为精神运动减慢、激越、行为紊乱或紧张症。精神运动功能包括认知和运动成分，但驱动这些子过程的神经回路以及它们与症状的关系几个世纪以来仍然难以捉摸。我们分析了 HCP-EP（早期精神病人类连接组项目）的数据，这是一项对 125 名早期精神病参与者和 58 名健康参与者进行的多中心研究，具有静息态功能磁共振成像和临床特征。使用 9 孔钉板任务评估精神运动功能，这是一项涉及动作的机械和精神运动成分的定时运动任务，以及评估处理速度和任务切换的任务。我们使用全连接组数据的多变量模式分析来识别精神运动功能的大脑相关性。我们确定了驱动精神运动功能的认知和运动部分的离散大脑回路。在我们的精神病参与者 ( = 89) 和健康对照参与者 ( = 52) 的合并样本中，精神运动功能（钉板性能） ( < .005) 最强的相关性位于小脑中线区域、左额叶区域和前补充运动区域之间。精神运动功能与小脑-额叶连接（= 0.33）和小脑-前补充运动区连接（= 0.27）相关。然而，精神运动表现的认知成分（任务切换）仅与小脑-额叶连接相关（= 0.19），而运动成分（处理速度）仅与小脑-前补充运动区连接相关（= 0.15），这表明驱动精神运动功能的独特子过程的电路。我们确定了驱动精神运动功能不同子过程的小脑皮质回路。未来的研究应该利用神经调节来探讨小脑连通性和精神运动表现之间的关系。