In light of escalating biomedical demands across diverse diseases, there arises a pressing need for the development of sophisticated biocompatible materials exhibiting augmented biological functionality. Chitosan, a cationic polyelectrolyte copolymer of natural origin, distinguishes itself through its extraordinary biological properties, positioning it as a promising starting material to develop versatile biomedical materials. Tremendous attention has been directed towards the creation of high-performance biocomposites, achieved through the strategic manipulation of chitosan’s structure or its derivative, along with the amalgamation of other biopolymers. This comprehensive review intricately explores recent advancements in chitosan-based biofunctional materials, delving into formulations involving various biopolymers including polysaccharides and proteins. It places specific emphasis on the progress in chitosan chemistry and materials development, encompassing particles, hydrogels, aerogels, membranes, films, and sponges. Also, this review critically evaluates the development and functional properties of biofunctional chitosan–biopolymer composite materials, spotlighting interactions, both dynamic covalent and noncovalent, and their pivotal roles in materials formation. These interactions may either be inherent or realized through chemical modification such as “Click” chemistry, polymer grafts, mussel-inspired chemistry, and selective oxidation. Furthermore, the text illustrates the current and potential biomedical applications of these biofunctional composite materials, spanning from wound dressing to tissue engineering (skin, bone, cartilage, and nerve), the controlled release and targeted delivery of drugs/bioactive compounds, biosensing, and 3D printing. Additionally, it addresses critical challenges within the field, posits potential solutions, and provides a forward-looking perspective on the future directions of functional biomaterials and design strategies.

中文翻译：

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用于生物医学应用的生物功能壳聚糖-生物聚合物复合材料

鉴于不同疾病的生物医学需求不断升级，迫切需要开发具有增强生物功能的复杂生物相容性材料。壳聚糖是一种天然来源的阳离子聚电解质共聚物，因其非凡的生物特性而脱颖而出，使其成为开发多功能生物医学材料的有前途的起始材料。人们对高性能生物复合材料的创造给予了极大的关注，这是通过对壳聚糖结构或其衍生物的战略操纵以及其他生物聚合物的混合来实现的。这篇全面的综述深入探讨了基于壳聚糖的生物功能材料的最新进展，深入研究了涉及包括多糖和蛋白质在内的各种生物聚合物的配方。它特别强调壳聚糖化学和材料开发的进展，包括颗粒、水凝胶、气凝胶、膜、薄膜和海绵。此外，这篇综述还批判性地评估了生物功能壳聚糖-生物聚合物复合材料的开发和功能特性，重点关注动态共价和非共价相互作用，以及它们在材料形成中的关键作用。这些相互作用可能是固有的，也可能是通过化学修饰实现的，例如“点击”化学、聚合物接枝、受贻贝启发的化学和选择性氧化。此外，本文还阐述了这些生物功能复合材料当前和潜在的生物医学应用，从伤口敷料到组织工程（皮肤、骨骼、软骨和神经）、药物/生物活性化合物的控制释放和靶向递送、生物传感和3D打印。此外，它还解决了该领域的关键挑战，提出了潜在的解决方案，并为功能性生物材料的未来方向和设计策略提供了前瞻性的视角。