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Evaluation of green chemistry metrics for sustainable recycling of platinum group metals from spent automotive catalysts via bioleaching
Green Chemistry ( IF 9.3 ) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 , DOI: 10.1039/d3gc03918h Salman Karim 1 , Han Mei Saw 1 , Yen-Peng Ting 1
Green Chemistry ( IF 9.3 ) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 , DOI: 10.1039/d3gc03918h Salman Karim 1 , Han Mei Saw 1 , Yen-Peng Ting 1
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This work evaluates sustainability indicators of the biorecovery of platinum group metals (PGM) from spent automotive catalysts (SAC) with due consideration of the environment and efficiency and forms the basis for the evaluation of environmental sustainability. Green chemistry metrics have been quantified for all the processes involved in the bioextraction of PGM from SAC under different experimental conditions. Three different cyanogenic (hydrogen cyanide forming-HCN) bacteria namely Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus megaterium, and Chromobacterium violaceum were used in two-step bioleaching. These bacteria produce cyanide as a secondary metabolite that forms water-soluble complexes with PGM. Bioleaching experiments were performed at different pulp densities (i.e., 0.5% w/v, 1% w/v, 2% w/v, and 4% w/v) to examine their effects on PGM extraction and green metrics. For green metrics calculations, metal and cyanide limiting reactions were performed and four different boundary conditions were defined. Boundary conditions were defined based on the limiting reactants, desired metals, and chemical reactions. Furthermore, green metrics were calculated for an individual metal (i.e., platinum, palladium, or rhodium) and for the overall bioleaching process. This is the first study that reports an in-depth analysis of the environmental sustainability of the PGM biorecovery process by quantifying the green metrics under diverse experimental conditions.
中文翻译：
通过生物浸出从废汽车催化剂中可持续回收铂族金属的绿色化学指标评估
这项工作评估了从废汽车催化剂（SAC）中生物回收铂族金属（PGM）的可持续性指标，并适当考虑了环境和效率，并构成了环境可持续性评估的基础。在不同实验条件下从 SAC 中生物提取 PGM 所涉及的所有过程的绿色化学指标均已量化。在两步生物浸出中使用了三种不同的氰化（形成氰化氢-HCN）细菌，即荧光假单胞菌、巨大芽孢杆菌和紫罗兰色杆菌。这些细菌产生氰化物作为次级代谢物，与铂族金属形成水溶性复合物。在不同的纸浆密度(即0.5％w/v、1％w/v、2％w/v和4％w/v)下进行生物浸出实验以检查它们对PGM提取和绿色指标的影响。对于绿色指标计算，进行了金属和氰化物限制反应，并定义了四种不同的边界条件。边界条件是根据限制反应物、所需金属和化学反应来定义的。此外，还计算了单个金属（即铂、钯或铑）和整个生物浸出过程的绿色指标。这是第一项通过量化不同实验条件下的绿色指标来深入分析铂族金属生物回收过程的环境可持续性的研究。
更新日期：2024-03-07
中文翻译：
通过生物浸出从废汽车催化剂中可持续回收铂族金属的绿色化学指标评估
这项工作评估了从废汽车催化剂（SAC）中生物回收铂族金属（PGM）的可持续性指标，并适当考虑了环境和效率，并构成了环境可持续性评估的基础。在不同实验条件下从 SAC 中生物提取 PGM 所涉及的所有过程的绿色化学指标均已量化。在两步生物浸出中使用了三种不同的氰化（形成氰化氢-HCN）细菌，即荧光假单胞菌、巨大芽孢杆菌和紫罗兰色杆菌。这些细菌产生氰化物作为次级代谢物，与铂族金属形成水溶性复合物。在不同的纸浆密度(即0.5％w/v、1％w/v、2％w/v和4％w/v)下进行生物浸出实验以检查它们对PGM提取和绿色指标的影响。对于绿色指标计算，进行了金属和氰化物限制反应，并定义了四种不同的边界条件。边界条件是根据限制反应物、所需金属和化学反应来定义的。此外，还计算了单个金属（即铂、钯或铑）和整个生物浸出过程的绿色指标。这是第一项通过量化不同实验条件下的绿色指标来深入分析铂族金属生物回收过程的环境可持续性的研究。
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