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Hazard or Non-Hazard Flood: Post Analysis for Paddy Rice, Wetland, and Other Potential Non-Hazard Flood Extraction from the VIIRS Flood Products
ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing ( IF 12.7 ) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 , DOI: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2024.02.013 Donglian Sun , Tianshu Yang , Sanmei Li , Mitchell Goldberg , Satya Kalluri , Sean Helfrich , Bill Sjonberg , Lihang Zhou , Qingyuan Zhang , William Straka , Ruixin Yang , Fernando Miralles-Wilhelm
ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing ( IF 12.7 ) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 , DOI: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2024.02.013 Donglian Sun , Tianshu Yang , Sanmei Li , Mitchell Goldberg , Satya Kalluri , Sean Helfrich , Bill Sjonberg , Lihang Zhou , Qingyuan Zhang , William Straka , Ruixin Yang , Fernando Miralles-Wilhelm
VIIRS flood products have been widely used by the National Weather Service (NWS) for river flood monitoring, and by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the International Charter Program for rescue and relief efforts. However, some water bodies, like irrigated or flooded paddy rice fields, and water in seasonal wetlands, are detected as floodwater instead of permanent, seasonal, controlled, or normal water in the VIIRS flood products. Because these kinds of floodwater don’t cause any severe disasters, they should be delineated as non-hazard floods to differentiate from real hazardous floods, the latter of which generally pose a significant risk and damage to human life, property, and the environment. Hazardous floods are usually caused by intensive rainfall, rapid snowmelt, or ice jams, they appear accidentally and tend to be short-term events. Non-hazard floodwaters generally result from tides, wetlands, agricultural irrigation, and other human activities, and thus they appear regularly and often stand for a longer time. Therefore, non-hazard floodwaters are some kind of standing water and usually have much larger long-time flood frequency or probability than hazardous floods. Based on this feature, it’s possible to combine long-time flood frequency calculated as the ratio of total flooding days over total clear days, including both flooding and no-flooding days, from VIIRS flood products with some additional information, such as agriculture statistics and land cover and land use map, to identify non-hazard floodwater in paddy rice fields and wetland. In this study, non-hazard floodwater bodies are classified into four types: paddy rice fields, wetlands, riparian and coastal tidal flooding, and other non-hazard floods, including possible fishing ponds. In this study, we selected several examples, such as the 2023 California flood event and some large paddy rice fields in China, to demonstrate how to identify water in paddy rice fields. The Florida flood event due to Hurricane Ian in 2022 is used to demonstrate how to separate wetlands from real hazardous floods. In addition to non-hazard floodwaters in wetlands, some coastal tidal flooding in Florida is also detected. The non-hazard floodwaters extracted from the proposed methods are compared with change detection analysis and good agreement is found. The paddy rice fields obtained from this study are compared and evaluated with the rice distribution data from the USDA. The quantitative evaluation results from the confusion matrix calculation demonstrate that the accuracy is 99.96%, recall is 83.69%, precision is 61.57%, and the F1-score is 70.95%. The high accuracy indicates that the method developed in this study for paddy rice field extraction from the VIIRS flood products is feasible.
更新日期：2024-02-27
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