It is critical to prepare self-supported carbonaceous electrode materials that enable high-mass loading and efficient ion/electron transport through a simple and sustainable method. Herein, for the first time, heteroatom-doped (O, N, and S) hierarchically porous thick bulk carbon is synthesized by carbonizing Pleurotus eryngii (PE) and lignosulfonate (LS) mixed precursors. After carbonization, the generated thick bulk carbon consists of interconnected macropores at the micrometer scale, with micropores and mesopores densely covering the pore walls. The carbon material displays a large specific surface area ranging from 315.5 to 960.2 m² g⁻¹ and is uniformly doped with O (14.8–19.1%), N (1.73–2.97%) and S (1.20–1.94%), endowing it with excellent ion transport and charge storage properties. As a result, the obtained thick bulk carbon electrode with a mass loading of 58.0 mg cm⁻² achieves an outstanding capacitance of 25.0 F cm⁻² (112.0 F cm⁻³) at 10 mA cm⁻³ and a superior rate capability of 14.3 F cm⁻² (66.9 F cm⁻³) at 200 mA cm⁻³. The assembled symmetric supercapacitor device delivers a high areal energy density of 2.56 mWh cm⁻² at a power density of 0.64 mW cm⁻² with an excellent stability of 91.1% after 15 000 cycles at 50 mA cm⁻². This facile and green synthesis strategy provides new carbonaceous electrode design concepts for high-energy-density storage.

中文翻译：

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来自杏鲍菇/木质素复合材料的杂原子掺杂分级多孔厚块状碳：用于高能量密度存储的独立式高质量负载电极

制备自支撑碳质电极材料至关重要，该材料能够通过简单且可持续的方法实现高质量负载和高效的离子/电子传输。在此，首次通过碳化杏鲍菇（PE）和木质素磺酸盐（LS）混合前驱体合成了杂原子掺杂（O、N和S）分级多孔厚块状碳。碳化后，生成的厚块状碳由微米级互连的大孔组成，微孔和中孔密集地覆盖孔壁。^{该碳材料具有315.5至960.2 m 2} g ^-1的大比表面积，并均匀掺杂O（14.8-19.1%）、N（1.73-2.97%）和S（1.20-1.94%），赋予其良好的性能。具有优异的离子传输和电荷存储特性。结果，所获得的质量负载为58.0 mg cm ^-2的厚体碳电极在10 mA cm ^{-3下实现了25.0 F cm -2} (112.0 F cm ^-3 )的出色电容和14.3的优异倍率性能。 200 mA cm ^-3时的F cm ^-2 (66.9 F cm ^-3 ) 。组装的对称超级电容器装置在0.64 mW cm ^-2的功率密度下提供2.56 mWh cm ^{-2的高面能量密度，并在50 mA cm -2}下循环15 000次后具有91.1%的优异稳定性。这种简便、绿色的合成策略为高能量密度存储提供了新的碳质电极设计理念。