Background Foreign-born (FB) populations in the US have significantly increased, yet cancer trends remain unexplored. Survey-based Population-Adjusted Rate Calculator (SPARC) is a new tool for evaluating nativity differences in cancer mortality. Methods Using SPARC, we calculated 3-year (2016-2018) age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) and rate ratios (RRs) for common cancers by sex, age group, race/ethnicity, and nativity. Trends by nativity were examined for the first time for 2006-2018. Traditional cancer statistics draw populations from decennial censuses. However, nativity-stratified populations are from the American Community Surveys, thus involve sampling errors. To rectify this, SPARC employed bias-corrected estimators. Death counts came from the National Vital Statistics System. Results AAMRs were higher among US-born (UB) populations across nearly all cancer types, with the largest UB- FB difference observed in lung cancer among Black females (RR = 3.67, 95%CI = 3.37-4.00). The well-documented White-Black differences in breast cancer mortality existed mainly among UB women. For all cancers combined, descending trends were more accelerated for the UB compared to the FB in all race/ethnicity groups with changes ranging from -2.6% per year in UB Black males to stable (non-significant) among FB Black females. Pancreas and liver cancers were exceptions with increasing, stable, or decreasing trends depending on nativity and race/ethnicity. Notably, FB Black males and FB Hispanic males did not show a favorable decline in colorectal cancer mortality. Conclusions While all groups show beneficial cancer mortality trends, those with higher rates in 2006 have experienced sharper declines. Persistent disparities between the UB and the FB, especially among Black people, necessitate further investigation.

中文翻译：

---

使用新的综合平台评估美国癌症死亡率的种族/民族和出生地差异

背景 美国外国出生 (FB) 人口显着增加，但癌症趋势仍有待探索。基于调查的人口调整率计算器 (SPARC) 是一种用于评估癌症死亡率出生差异的新工具。方法 使用 SPARC，我们按性别、年龄组、种族/民族和出生地计算了常见癌症的 3 年（2016-2018 年）年龄调整死亡率 (AAMR) 和比率 (RR)。首次对 2006 年至 2018 年按出生日期划分的趋势进行了研究。传统的癌症统计数据来自每十年一次的人口普查。然而，按出生地分层的人口来自美国社区调查，因此涉及抽样误差。为了纠正这个问题，SPARC 采用了偏差校正估计器。死亡人数来自国家生命统计系统。结果 美国出生 (UB) 人群几乎所有癌症类型的 AAMR 均较高，其中黑人女性肺癌中观察到的 UB-FB 差异最大（RR = 3.67，95% CI = 3.37-4.00）。有据可查的白人和黑人乳腺癌死亡率差异主要存在于布法罗女性中。对于所有癌症的总和，在所有种族/族裔组中，UB 的下降趋势比 FB 更快，变化范围从 UB 黑人男性每年 -2.6% 到 FB 黑人女性稳定（不显着）。胰腺癌和肝癌是例外，其发病趋势呈上升、稳定或下降趋势，具体取决于出生地和种族/民族。值得注意的是，FB 黑人男性和 FB 西班牙裔男性的结直肠癌死亡率并未出现有利的下降。结论 虽然所有群体的癌症死亡率都呈现出有利的趋势，但 2006 年死亡率较高的群体的死亡率下降幅度更大。UB 和 FB 之间持续存在的差异，尤其是黑人之间的差异，需要进一步调查。