Nursery pigs undergo stressors in the post-weaning period that result in production and welfare challenges. These challenges disproportionately impact the offspring of primiparous sows compared to those of multiparous counterparts. Little is known regarding potential interactions between parity and feed additives in the post-weaning period and their effects on nursery pig microbiomes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal parity on sow and offspring microbiomes and the influence of sow parity on pig fecal microbiome and performance in response to a prebiotic post-weaning. At weaning, piglets were allotted into three treatment groups: a standard nursery diet including pharmacological doses of Zn and Cu (Con), a group fed a commercial prebiotic only (Preb) based on an Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract, and a group fed the same prebiotic plus Zn and Cu (Preb + ZnCu). Although there were no differences in vaginal microbiome composition between primiparous and multiparous sows, fecal microbiome composition was different (R2 = 0.02, P = 0.03). The fecal microbiomes of primiparous offspring displayed significantly higher bacterial diversity compared to multiparous offspring at d 0 and d 21 postweaning (P < 0.01), with differences in community composition observed at d 21 (R2 = 0.03, P = 0.04). When analyzing the effects of maternal parity within each treatment, only the Preb diet triggered significant microbiome distinctions between primiparous and multiparous offspring (d 21: R2 = 0.13, P = 0.01; d 42: R2 = 0.19, P = 0.001). Compositional differences in pig fecal microbiomes between treatments were observed only at d 21 (R2 = 0.12, P = 0.001). Pigs in the Con group gained significantly more weight throughout the nursery period when compared to those in the Preb + ZnCu group. Nursery pig gut microbiome composition was influenced by supplementation with an Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract, with varying effects on performance when combined with pharmacological levels of Zn and Cu or for offspring of different maternal parity groups. These results indicate that the development of nursery pig gut microbiomes is shaped by maternal parity and potential interactions with the effects of dietary feed additives.

中文翻译：

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母产次与饲料添加剂之间的相互作用驱动断奶后猪肠道微生物群的组成

保育猪在断奶后会承受压力，导致生产和福利方面的挑战。与经产母猪相比，这些挑战对初产母猪的后代影响更大。关于断奶后胎次和饲料添加剂之间的潜在相互作用及其对保育猪微生物组的影响知之甚少。因此，本研究的目的是调查母猪胎次对母猪和后代微生物组的影响，以及母猪胎次对猪粪便微生物组和断奶后益生元反应的影响。断奶时，仔猪被分配到三个治疗组：包含药理剂量的锌和铜（Con）的标准保育日粮，仅饲喂基于米曲霉发酵提取物的商业益生元（Preb）的组，以及饲喂相同剂量的组。益生元加锌和铜（Preb + ZnCu）。尽管初产母猪和经产母猪的阴道微生物组组成没有差异，但粪便微生物组组成不同（R2 = 0.02，P = 0.03）。断奶后 0 d 和 21 d 时，与经产子代相比，初产子代的粪便微生物群显示出显着更高的细菌多样性（P < 0.01），并且在 21 d 时观察到群落组成存在差异（R2 = 0.03，P = 0.04）。在分析每次治疗中母产次的影响时，只有 Preb 饮食引发了初产和多产后代之间显着的微生物组差异（d 21：R2 = 0.13，P = 0.01；d 42：R2 = 0.19，P = 0.001）。仅在第 21 天观察到处理之间猪粪便微生物组的组成差异（R2 = 0.12，P = 0.001）。与 Preb + ZnCu 组的猪相比，Con 组的猪在整个保育期的体重明显增加。保育猪肠道微生物组的组成受到补充米曲霉发酵提取物的影响，当与锌和铜的药理学水平相结合时，或者对于不同母胎组的后代，对生产性能产生不同的影响。这些结果表明，保育猪肠道微生物群的发育是由母产次以及与日粮饲料添加剂的潜在相互作用决定的。