The effect of influenza vaccination (FluVac) on the risk of neurodegenerative diseases has not been well evaluated in prospective populations. We aimed to assess the association between FluVac and the risk of dementia and Parkinson’s disease (PD) in people aged 60 years or older through a prospective population-based cohort from the UK Biobank. A time-varying Cox regression model adjusted for baseline and repeatedly measured covariates was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the association between influenza vaccination and risk of dementia/PD. We took into account 70,938 participants in the cohort, including 38,328 participants who got vaccinated. During a median follow-up period of 12.2 years, 2087 incident dementia cases occurred, including 281 cases who received FluVac and 1806 cases who were not vaccinated. In addition, 742 incident PD cases occurred, among whom 131 cases received FluVac and 611 PD cases did not receive FluVac. FluVac was associated with reduced dementia risk with an HR of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.72–0.95) but was not associated with PD incidence (HR = 1.07; 95% CI, 0.87–1.32) after controlling baseline and repeatedly measured covariates. Further, among all dementia cases, there were 733 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (94 vaccinated cases and 639 non-vaccinated cases), 307 vascular dementia (VD) (34 vaccinated cases and 273 non-vaccinated cases), and 1047 cases with other dementias (OD) (153 vaccinated cases and 894 non-vaccinated cases). The HRs for the associations between FluVac and AD, VD, and OD were 0.79 (95% CI, 0.63–1.00), 0.58 (95% CI, 0.39–0.86), and 0.94 (95% CI, 0.78–1.14) respectively. A dose-response relationship was found in the association between FluVac and dementia but not in the association with PD. A major limitation of the study is the low accuracy in the diagnosis of dementia subtypes, namely AD, VD, and OD. However, Results of sensitivity analyses were consistent with the primary analyses. In conclusion, influenza vaccination is significantly associated with a reduced risk of incident dementia but not PD in community-dwelling adults in the UK Biobank population.

流感疫苗 (FluVac) 对神经退行性疾病风险的影响尚未在预期人群中得到充分评估。我们的目的是通过英国生物银行的前瞻性人群队列，评估 FluVac 与 60 岁或以上人群患痴呆症和帕金森病 (PD) 风险之间的关联。使用根据基线和重复测量的协变量进行调整的时变 Cox 回归模型来估计流感疫苗接种与痴呆/PD 风险之间关联的风险比 (HR) 和 95% 置信区间 (CI)。我们考虑了该队列中的 70,938 名参与者，其中 38,328 名接种了疫苗的参与者。在中位随访 12.2 年期间，发生了 2087 例痴呆病例，其中 281 例接受了 FluVac，1806 例未接种疫苗。此外，还发生了 742 例 PD 病例，其中 131 例接受了 FluVac，611 例 PD 病例未接受 FluVac。在控制基线和重复测量协变量后，FluVac 与痴呆风险降低相关，HR 为 0.83（95% CI，0.72-0.95），但与 PD 发生率无关（HR = 1.07；95% CI，0.87-1.32）。此外，在所有痴呆病例中，有733例阿尔茨海默病（AD）（94例接种疫苗病例和639例未接种疫苗病例）、307例血管性痴呆（VD）（34例接种疫苗病例和273例未接种疫苗病例），以及1047例其他疾病病例。痴呆症 (OD)（153 例接种疫苗的病例和 894 例未接种疫苗的病例）。FluVac 与 AD、VD 和 OD 之间关联的 HR 分别为 0.79 (95% CI, 0.63–1.00)、0.58 (95% CI, 0.39–0.86) 和 0.94 (95% CI, 0.78–1.14)。FluVac 与痴呆之间存在剂量反应关系，但与 PD 之间没有关系。该研究的一个主要局限性是痴呆亚型（即 AD、VD 和 OD）的诊断准确性较低。然而，敏感性分析的结果与主要分析一致。总之，对于英国生物银行人群中的社区居住成年人来说，流感疫苗接种与痴呆症风险降低显着相关，但与 PD 风险无关。