Vitamin K is an essential micronutrient and a cofactor for the enzyme γ-glutamyl carboxylase, which adds a carboxyl group to specific glutamic acid residues in proteins transiting through the secretory pathway. Higher vitamin K intake has been linked to a reduced incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in humans. Preclinical work suggests that this effect depends on the γ-carboxylation of specific proteins in β-cells, including endoplasmic reticulum Gla protein (ERGP), implicated in the control of intracellular Ca levels. In this review we discuss these recent advances linking vitamin K and glucose metabolism, and argue that identification of γ-carboxylated proteins in β-cells is pivotal to better understand how vitamin K protects from T2D and to design targeted therapies for this disease.

中文翻译：

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β 细胞中维生素 K 依赖性羧化与糖尿病

维生素 K 是一种必需的微量营养素，也是 γ-谷氨酰羧化酶的辅助因子，该酶将羧基添加到通过分泌途径的蛋白质中的特定谷氨酸残基上。较高的维生素 K 摄入量与降低人类 2 型糖尿病 (T2D) 发病率有关。临床前工作表明，这种效应取决于 β 细胞中特定蛋白质的 γ-羧化，包括内质网 Gla 蛋白 (ERGP)，其与细胞内 Ca 水平的控制有关。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了维生素 K 和葡萄糖代谢相关的最新进展，并认为鉴定 β 细胞中的 γ-羧化蛋白对于更好地了解维生素 K 如何预防 T2D 以及设计针对该疾病的靶向疗法至关重要。