The sustainable intensification of agriculture has become a paramount concern in ensuring global food security on a sustainable basis. Crop residue (CR) management plays a pivotal role in this context, as it influences soil health, nutrients cycling, and overall crop productivity. However, information about the intricate relationship between beneficial microbes (BM), crop residue mineralization, and maize production under various tillage systems is limited. Therefore, we conducted field trials over two years (2018 and 2019) to assess the availability of nutrients and maize yield in response to CR placed at different soil depths with and without BM application. The study consisted of three tillage implements [field cultivator (FC), mouldboard plough (MBP) and chisel plough (CP)], four N augmented CR [no residue (Ro), wheat residue (Rw), chickpea residue (Rc), and Rw+Rc] and two levels of beneficial microbes [BMw -With 250 L BM ton of CR and BMo-without BM]. An mini litterbag experiment using the CR with and without BM placed up to soil depth of 15, 30, and 45 cm, corresponding to three tillage systems in nylon bags was also performed for C and N decomposition. The field experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement having four replications. Tillage implements were allotted to main plots while CR and BM were allotted to sub plots. However, the litterbag study was performed using RCB design. A total of 160 kg N ha was derived as 50% each from CR and urea. The Rc increased the soil mineral N (25.37 and 23.84%) and decreased the SOC (34.45 and 40.56%) over the Rw in soil sampled at maize sowing and harvesting stages, respectively. Similarly, the BM improved the soil mineral N after sowing and/or harvesting stages. The MBP had 13.9% higher grain yield than FC. The Rc had resulted in more ear m (7.2), grains ear (442), 1000 grain weight (319.28 g), and grain yield (8993 kg ha) of maize than other CR treatments. Structural equation modelling suggested that dry matter was directly affected by growth contributing components and negatively affected by crop phenological observations. In conclusion, the chickpea crop residues decomposed faster with the addition of BM (BMw) under MBP with improved maize grain yield.

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不同耕作方式下玉米生产力和养分状况对作物残茬与有益微生物矿化的响应

农业的可持续集约化已成为确保全球可持续粮食安全的首要问题。作物残留物 (CR) 管理在这方面发挥着关键作用，因为它影响土壤健康、养分循环和作物整体生产力。然而，有关不同耕作制度下有益微生物（BM）、作物残茬矿化和玉米生产之间复杂关系的信息有限。因此，我们进行了两年多的田间试验（2018 年和 2019 年），以评估在施用和不施用 BM 的情况下，在不同土壤深度施用 CR 时养分的可用性和玉米产量。该研究包括三种耕作机具[中耕机 (FC)、犁式犁 (MBP) 和凿犁 (CP)]、四种 N 增强型 CR [无残留物 (Ro)、小麦残留物 (Rw)、鹰嘴豆残留物 (Rc)、和 Rw+Rc] 和两个水平的有益微生物 [BMw - 含有 250 L BM 吨 CR 和 BMo - 不含 BM]。还进行了一项迷你垃圾袋实验，使用带有和不带有 BM 的 CR，土壤深度分别为 15、30 和 45 厘米，对应于尼龙袋中的三个耕作系统，也进行了碳和氮分解。现场实验采用随机完全区组设计（RCBD）进行，裂区布置具有四次重复。耕作机具分配给主地块，而 CR 和 BM 分配给次地块。然而，垃圾袋研究是使用 RCB 设计进行的。总共 160 千克 N·公顷，其中 50% 来自 CR 和尿素。在玉米播种期和收获期土壤采样中，与 Rw 相比，Rc 分别增加了土壤矿物质 N（25.37 和 23.84%）并降低了 SOC（34.45 和 40.56%）。同样，BM 在播种和/或收获阶段后改善了土壤矿物质氮。MBP的籽粒产量比FC高13.9%。与其他 CR 处理相比，Rc 导致玉米穗数（7.2）、粒穗（442）、千粒重（319.28 克）和籽粒产量（8993 千克/公顷）更多。结构方程模型表明，干物质直接受到生长贡献成分的影响，并受到作物物候观测的负面影响。总之，在 MBP 下添加 BM (BMw)，鹰嘴豆作物残茬的分解速度更快，从而提高了玉米籽粒产量。