Human activities, including agricultural practice, have a significant effect on soil biodiversity and function. However, little is known about the influence of agricultural practice on the microbial CO fixation potential. We applied stable isotope, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and high-throughput sequencing to study the atmospheric CO fixation rates and the composition of autotrophic -gene-harboring bacterial and -gene-harboring archaeal communities in response to a dozen years of agricultural practice (including rice-upland rotation, fertilization, and tillage). Fertilizer additions significantly increased CO fixation rates by 14.9–40.5%, with the highest rates found for combined nitrogen and manure treatments. Rice-fallow increased soil CO fixation rates by 26.8% and 15.6% compared with rice-wheat and rice-Chinese milk vetch rotation, respectively, while no-tillage treatments increased it by 24.7% than traditional tillage treatments. Different agricultural practices significantly affected the -harboring bacterial diversity but not -harboring archaeal diversity, suggesting that -harboring bacteria are more sensitive to agricultural practices than are the -harboring archaea. The principal coordinated analysis revealed that agricultural practices affected both -harboring bacterial and -harboring archaeal communities. Partial least squares path models further revealed that the modified -harboring bacterial communities and -harboring archaeal communities directly or indirectly affected the CO fixation rate. Both random forest and correlation analyses revealed that CO fixation potential was attributed to , , and , and that soil available phosphorus was the most important factor shaping autotrophic microbial composition. Our study shows that a dozen years of agricultural practice modifies soil microbial CO fixation and the composition of autotrophic microorganisms. It also highlights the role of no-tillage and rice-fallow treatments in increasing soil organic carbon sequestration.

中文翻译：

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十几年来不同农业实践的研究：对土壤二氧化碳固定率和土壤自养微生物群落的影响

人类活动，包括农业实践，对土壤生物多样性和功能具有重大影响。然而，人们对农业实践对微生物二氧化碳固定潜力的影响知之甚少。我们根据十几年的农业实践（包括稻旱轮作、施肥和耕作）。肥料的添加使二氧化碳固定率显着提高了 14.9-40.5%，其中氮肥与粪肥结合处理的固定率最高。与稻麦轮作和稻紫云英轮作相比，水稻休耕分别提高了土壤二氧化碳固定率26.8%和15.6%，而免耕处理比传统耕作处理提高了24.7%。不同的农业实践显着影响了细菌多样性，但对古细菌多样性没有影响，这表明细菌对农业实践比古细菌更敏感。主要协调分析表明，农业实践同时影响细菌和古菌群落的栖息地。偏最小二乘路径模型进一步揭示，修改后的细菌群落和古菌群落直接或间接影响了CO固定率。随机森林和相关分析均表明，CO 固定潜力归因于 、 、 和 ，并且土壤有效磷是影响自养微生物组成的最重要因素。我们的研究表明，十几年的农业实践改变了土壤微生物的二氧化碳固定和自养微生物的组成。它还强调了免耕和水稻休耕处理在增加土壤有机碳固存方面的作用。