The high incidence rate, complexity, and intractability of central nervous system (CNS) diseases drive significant interest in understanding the underlying mechanisms involved in the immune response. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the key biological fluid for the study of CNS diseases. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics investigations benefit from the advantages of high sensitivity, high selectivity, and structural identification, and show the satisfactory capacity in CSF metabolome exploration. This work comprehensively summarized sample preparation and MS techniques for identifying CSF metabolomics, focusing on potential quantification methods. For application purposes, we emphasized the investigation based on CSF metabolomics in neurological disease mechanisms, biomarkers discovery, and drug development. Existing challenges and perspectives are proposed, like integration and sharing of CSF metabolite database, standardization of MS detection protocols and data mutual recognition, and data mining of multi-omics data. This work provides a multidisciplinary information about analytical chemistry, medical science and nanomaterials.

中文翻译：

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脑脊液代谢组学中生物标志物、疾病机制和药物开发的质谱分析

中枢神经系统 (CNS) 疾病的高发病率、复杂性和难治性引起了人们对了解免疫反应所涉及的潜在机制的极大兴趣。脑脊液（CSF）是研究中枢神经系统疾病的关键生物液体。基于质谱（MS）的代谢组学研究受益于高灵敏度、高选择性和结构鉴定的优势，在脑脊液代谢组学探索中表现出令人满意的能力。这项工作全面总结了用于鉴定 CSF 代谢组学的样品制备和 MS 技术，重点关注潜在的定量方法。出于应用目的，我们强调基于脑脊液代谢组学在神经疾病机制、生物标志物发现和药物开发方面的研究。提出了现有的挑战和前景，例如脑脊液代谢物数据库的集成和共享、MS检测协议和数据互认的标准化以及多组学数据的数据挖掘。这项工作提供了有关分析化学、医学和纳米材料的多学科信息。