Pathogenic bacteria cause the deaths of millions of people every year. With the development of antibiotics, hundreds and thousands of people’s lives have been saved. Nevertheless, bacteria can develop resistance to antibiotics, rendering them insensitive to antibiotics over time. Peptides containing specific amino acids can be used as antibacterial agents; however, they can be easily degraded by proteases in vivo. To address these issues, branched peptide dendrimers are now being considered as good antibacterial agents due to their high efficacy, resistance to protease degradation, and low cytotoxicity. The ease with which peptide dendrimers can be synthesized and modified makes them accessible for use in various biological and nonbiological fields. That is, peptide dendrimers hold a promising future as antibacterial agents with prolonged efficacy without bacterial resistance development. Their in vivo stability and multivalence allow them to effectively target multi-drug-resistant strains and prevent biofilm formation. Thus, it is interesting to have an overview of the development and applications of peptide dendrimers in antibacterial research, including the possibility of employing machine learning approaches for the design of AMPs and dendrimers. This review summarizes the synthesis and applications of peptide dendrimers as antibacterial agents. The challenges and perspectives of using peptide dendrimers as the antibacterial agents are also discussed.

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肽树枝状抗菌剂的合成与应用

致病细菌每年导致数百万人死亡。随着抗生素的发展，成千上万人的生命被挽救。然而，细菌会对抗生素产生耐药性，随着时间的推移，它们会对抗生素不敏感。含有特定氨基酸的肽可用作抗菌剂；然而，它们很容易被体内蛋白酶降解。为了解决这些问题，支链肽树枝状聚合物因其高效、耐蛋白酶降解和低细胞毒性而被认为是良好的抗菌剂。肽树枝状聚合物的合成和修饰很容易，使其可用于各种生物和非生物领域。也就是说，肽树枝状聚合物作为抗菌剂具有广阔的前景，其具有长期功效且不会产生细菌耐药性。它们的体内稳定性和多价性使它们能够有效地靶向多重耐药菌株并防止生物膜形成。因此，概述肽树枝状聚合物在抗菌研究中的开发和应用是很有趣的，包括采用机器学习方法设计 AMP 和树枝状聚合物的可能性。本文综述了肽树枝状化合物作为抗菌剂的合成和应用。还讨论了使用肽树枝状聚合物作为抗菌剂的挑战和前景。