Central adiposity, which is visceral and subcutaneous adiposity in the abdominal region, is a known risk factor for developing chronic cardiometabolic diseases. Central adiposity can be measured relatively inexpensively using ultrasound. Ultrasound has been shown to be precise and reliable, with measurement accuracy comparable to computed tomography and magnetic resonance. Despite the advantages conferred by ultrasound, widespread adoption has been hindered by lack of reliable standard operating procedures. To consolidate the literature and bring clarity to the use of ultrasound-derived measures of central adiposity, this review outlines (i) the [patho]physiological importance of central adiposity to cardiometabolic disease risk; (ii) an overview of the history and main technical aspects of ultrasound methodology; (iii) key measurement considerations, including transducer selection, subject preparation, image acquisition, image analysis, and operator training; and (iv) guidelines for standardized ultrasound protocols for measuring central adiposity.

中文翻译：

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基于超声的中央肥胖测量：关键考虑因素和指南

中枢性肥胖是腹部区域的内脏和皮下肥胖，是发展慢性心脏代谢疾病的已知危险因素。使用超声波可以相对便宜地测量中心性肥胖。超声波已被证明精确可靠，其测量精度可与计算机断层扫描和磁共振相媲美。尽管超声波具有诸多优势，但由于缺乏可靠的标准操作程序，其广泛采用受到了阻碍。为了巩固文献并阐明超声衍生的中枢性肥胖测量方法的使用，本综述概述了（i）中枢性肥胖对心脏代谢疾病风险的[病理]生理重要性； (ii) 超声方法的历史和主要技术方面的概述； (iii) 关键测量考虑因素，包括传感器选择、受试者准备、图像采集、图像分析和操作员培训； (iv) 用于测量中心性肥胖的标准化超声方案指南。